Ratna Ika Putri

The effectiveness of wind and solar energy as electricity generators is significantly impacted by unpredictable and varied environmental circumstances, which affect the output power of the wind-solar hybrid power generation system. So, a control system is required for the optimal power production of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES). This study delineates optimal power management in wind/solar hybrid energy systems by the application of multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithms, inverter controllers, and battery controllers. The MOPSO algorithm enhances power generation by modifying the duty cycle of the direct current (DC)/DC converter based on the output from the wind turbine and photovoltaic (PV) system. The proportional-integral (PI) controller functions as both an inverter and battery controller to ensure the constancy of the DC link voltage and output power. The efficacy of the developed control was evaluated using simulation. A comparison has been conducted between the efficacy of the MOPSO algorithm and the perturb and observe (PO) approach. The simulation findings indicate that the MOPSO algorithm surpasses the PO method for performance and output power. The output power produced by HRES with the MOPSO algorithm exceeds that of the PO approach. Optimal power control utilizing MOPSO can yield optimal power despite fluctuations in wind and solar intensity.

The internet of things (IoT) has become an important foundation in the development of web-based and remote technologies. In the implementation of renewable energy in hybrid E-bike systems, IoT-based monitoring system integration has made a significant contribution to monitoring activities. One of the latest innovations in the development of IoT in E-bike systems is the application of power prediction and the Coulomb counting method to estimate the charging time for a battery with a capacity of 200 AH, so that users can know the time needed to charge the battery efficiently. The IoT E-bike system is designed with user data display and monitoring features via the website, such as data on voltage, current, light intensity, battery percentage, power prediction, and prediction of the resulting battery charging time. Experimental results were obtained during the battery charging period, increasing the battery percentage from 50.43% (10 volts) to 71.769% (11.3 volts) in 4.5 hours with a battery charging charge of 153,866.4 C.

Raya Ngijo Housing, one of the areas in Karangploso in Malang District has a temporary waste management team that organises the collection of waste from residents and sends it to the landfill. The process of collecting waste from residents is usually at the temporary disposal site (TPS) in the form of moving waste from residential cleaning vehicles and accommodated at the TPS until collection by the Malang District environmental service container for disposal to the transferred to landfills (TPA). Problems often occur when the container collection process is delayed for various reasons, so that the amount of rubbish in the TPS is excessive. One of the solutions made by the cleaning team is to burn excess waste and can be burned using a furnace. However, the combustion carried out cannot be ensured perfect combustion which is feared by the environmental service. Therefore, a remote communication-based furnace monitoring system and android application were made to ensure the perfection of the combustion process so that it could be monitored by the cleaning team. Parts per million (PPM) carbon dioxide (CO2) levels of combustion smoke and combustion temperature are also monitored and controlled in accordance with the safe standards set by the environmental agency

Automatic transfer switches (ATS) have the potential to be important in ensuring uninterruptible power supply across a wide range of sectors, enabling smooth transitions between utility and emergency RES power sources, generators, and more. Utilizing DC electricity provides a cost advantage and is suitable for short-distance transmission. The author proposes a 12-volt DC backup system that corresponds to a minimum input voltage of more than 10 Vdc and can be applied in various DC load applications. The ATS design incorporates multiple inputs and uses algorithms to prevent simultaneous operation of all sources and reduce feedback. These developments in backup system technology, coupled with the shift to renewable energy, are contributing to the creation of a sustainable and resilient electricity grid. In experiments, the ATS system demonstrated its ability to provide 24 hours of backup power with a specified load (lighting bulbs, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), motors, and fans) discharging 0.27–2.25 Amperes. Using the millis programming language, it supports the performance of a constant switch transition speed of around 0.6453 seconds for a switch from buck to SCC. 0.658 seconds for solar charge controller (SCC) to power supply (PSU), 0.656 seconds for PSU to CC PSU, and 0.61 seconds for PSU to OFF.

The problem of air pollution is one of the most crucial environmental problems and requires serious attention from all parties. One of the significant sources of air pollution is the burning of waste, especially in densely populated urban areas. Burning waste produces various harmful emissions, such as particles, gases, and toxic chemicals, that can endanger human health and the surrounding environment. To overcome this, the cleaning team hopes for increasingly advanced technological developments. An air purifier technology for burning waste has been developed, which can help reduce the adverse effects of air pollution. The air curtain method is quite effective in cleaning the air from burning waste, but its use is limited to a limited burning area and on a small scale. In a room that has been separated for gas with high carbon, it will be doused with water with a tool that has been made. As a result of these findings, water is used to clean up the pollutants in the burning waste. With the method of spraying water to remove some of the molecules of the pollutant. After that, the polluted air is cleaned, and a pump is used to return the water to the ceiling pipe. This is a method of eliminating air pollution, as shown by the water curtain device. For control, an IoT system will be used that is integrated with the application so that it can be monitored remotely. The system created is capable of reducing the carbon by around 10% to 15%.

This article presents a battery charging design using photovoltaic with a septic converter. The use of batteries as energy storage is one way to ensure the availability of energy to the load and overcome the weaknesses of photovoltaic systems which depend on solar irradiation and temperature. when the solar irradiation is low, the battery can supply energy to the load. SEPIC converter is used to adjust the battery charging voltage requirements. The output voltage of the SEPIC converter is maintained constant by setting the duty cycle using a microcontroller. Based on the results of experimental testing, this PV system with a SEPIC converter can work well. Battery charging can be done optimally. This system is also equipped with automatic disconnection of the battery if the battery is fully charged so that the lifetime of the battery is maintained

Alat ini merupakan sebuah modul pembelajaran pada bidang renewable energy yang memanfaatkan tenaga surya. Pada prakteknya, modul dioperasikan dengan cara mengarahkan cahaya lampu pada solar cell. Dengan posisi kemiringan cahaya lampu dan solar cell yang dapat diatur secara manual dengan sumbu arah yang berbeda. Hal tersebut dapat mempengaruhi hasil untuk output tegangan dan arus pada solar cell.Pada modul ini terdapat 2 buah solar cell yang dapat dirangkai secara seri ataupun paralel, yang output-nya dihubungkan dengan baterai. Guna mencegah terjadinya over charge, maka modul juga dilengkapi dengan automatic charging system. Baterai dapat dihubungkan dengan beberapa beban DC atau dapat juga menjadi input untuk rangkaian inverter sehingga dapat digunakan untuk menyalakan AC.

Pasteurisasi merupakan proses pemanasan dengan tujuan menghancurkan mikroorganisme patogen pada susu sapi mentah yang membahayakan bagi kesehatan manusia. Pada alat pasteurisasi ini menggunakan metode HTST(High Temperature Short Time), yaitu proses pemanasan susu selama 15 detik pada suhu 72˚C. Kemudian proses pasteurisasi susu dilakukan secara otomatis menggunakan kontroler PID(Proportional Integral Derivative). Kontrol PID digunakan untuk mengendalikan motor servo MG966R yang dipasang pada knop kompor, sehingga besar kecilnya api dapat dikontrol dan suhu pada susu dapat stabil. Pada sistem ini menggunakan sensor suhu DS18B20 waterproof yang berfungsi untuk mengetahui suhu pada susu. Dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa ketika pada suhu 72˚C kontrol PID dengan nilai Kp= 33, Ki=1.83, dan Kd= 144.37 dapat membuat suhu tetap pada setpoint selama 15 detik.

Suhu dan kelembaban tanah pada suatu tanamanmerupakan parameter utama yang mempengaruhi jumlah airyang dibutuhkan. Kentang tumbuh baik dengan suhu 20˚C -25˚C, sinar matahari cukup, dan kelembaban udara 60% -90%. Kebutuhan suhu terbaik kentang relatif lebih rendah,sedangkan untuk pertumbuhan umbi sekitar 15.6˚C - 17.8˚Cdengan suhu rata - rata 15.5˚C. Proses perancangan alatdigunakan sistem pengembangan kendali fuzzy logic untukmengatur set point suhu dan kelembaban tanah yangdibutuhkan tanaman kentang dengan menggunakan ArduinoUno sebagai sistem mikrokontroler. Dengan penambahanantarmuka LCD sebagai output waktu penyemprotan tanaman,sensor suhu dan sensor kelembaban tanah sebagai inputmasukan untuk fuzzy logic. Setelah dilakukan percobaan,didapatkan nilai suhu sebesar 23˚C dan nilai kelembabantanah sebesar 66%, hasil yang didapatkan terbilang baguskarena pertumbuhan tanaman kentang cukup baik dengan suhudan kelembaban yang dibutuhkan.