Tian-Ying Chen

In this paper, the application DSP (TMS320LF2407)-based hardware systems, and according to the given topology, the completion of the entire electric vehicle battery management system (BMS) platform structures. Then use matlab/sinulink simulation of the required battery model and estimation algorithm accuracy, reliability and suitability. In order to facilitate system debugging, also designed the input-output system and PC data receiving system. Finally, build a test platform for the simulation of lithium iron phosphate groups working condition test, get the battery state of charge (SOC) estimation error of less than 5%. Which can be obtained with this test platform software system, the battery model and estimation algorithm is correct.

Lignocellulosic biomass is mainly composed of polysaccharides and lignin. The complexity and diversity of the plant cell wall polymers makes it difficult to isolate the components in pure form for characterization. Many current approaches to analyzing lignocellulose structure, which involve sequential extraction and characterization of the resulting fractions, are time-consuming and labor-intensive. The present study describes a new and facile system for rationally derivatizing and dissolving coarsely ground plant cell wall materials. Using ionic liquids (EmimAc) and dichloroacetyl chloride as a solvent/reagent produced mildly acetylated whole cell walls without significant degradation. The acetylated products were soluble in DMSO-d6 from which they can be characterized by solution-state two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectrometry. A distinct advantage of the procedure is that it realizes the dissolution of whole lignocellulosic materials without requiring harsh ball-milling, thereby allowing the acquisition of high-resolution 2D NMR spectra to revealing structural details of the main components (lignin and polysaccharides). The method is therefore beneficial to understanding the composition and structure of biomass aimed at its improved utilization.

In this study, lignin with fine structures and facile enzymatic saccharifying residue were successively dissociated based on the lignin-first biomass deconstruction strategy. In the lignin-first process, aldehyde-protected lignin fractions were firstly isolated by acid-catalyzed dioxane extraction in the presence of formaldehyde (FA) and acetaldehyde (AA) and then analyzed by advanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The optimized hydrogenolysis of the extracted lignin (L_FA and L_AA) resulted in a high yield (42.57% and 33.00%) of lignin monomers with high product selectivity (mainly 2,6-dimethoxy-4-propylphenol) (39.93% and 46.61%). Moreover, the cellulose-rich residues were saccharified into fermentable glucose for bioethanol production. The glucose yield of the substrate (R_AA) reached to 75.12%, which was significantly higher than that (15.4%) of the substrate (R_FA). In short, the lignin-first biomass deconstruction by adding AA is a promising and sustainable process for producing value-added products (energy and fine chemicals) from lignocellulosic biomass.

The effects of hydrothermal pretreatment (170–180 °C, 30–60 min) on the structural characteristics of enzymatic and extracted lignin from Triarrhena lutarioriparia (TL) during the integrated delignification process have been comprehensively investigated. Ion chromatography and NMR characterization showed that liquid products after mild hydrothermal process (170 °C, 30 min) were mainly composed of xylooligosaccharide (XOS) with different degrees of polymerization (DP ≥ 2). In addition, the structural changes of lignin during hydrothermal pretreatment and organic acid delignification process have been demonstrated by quantitative 2D heteronuclear single quantum coherence (2D-HSQC) and ³¹P-NMR techniques. Results showed that the structural changes of lignin (e.g., cleavage of β-O-4 linkages) induced by the hydrothermal pretreatment will facilitate the subsequent organic acid delignification process, and acetylated lignin could be obtained with a considerable yield, which can be used in lignin-based composite and candidate feedstock for catalytic upgrading of lignin. In short, the proposed process facilitates the producing of XOS and acetylated lignin for lignin valorization.

The structural characteristics of native lignin are essential for the further deconstruction of plant cell walls for value-added application of lignocellulosic biomass. An improved protocol of cellulolytic enzyme lignin named regenerated cellulolytic enzyme lignin (RCEL) was developed in the present study. The dissolution process of poplar wood in the DMSO/[Emim]OAc dissolution system was dynamically monitored by microscopes and Confocal Raman Microscopy (CRM). The yield of RCEL (43.0–85.3%) was significantly higher than that of control CEL (30.6%). The isolated lignins were elaborately characterized by associated carbohydrates, 2D-HSQC NMR, ³¹P-NMR, and GPC techniques. NMR results showed that RCELs had similar structural features as compared to CELs. The relative abundances of the major lignin linkages (β-O-4′, β–β′, β-5′, and β-1′) and linked molecules (p-hydroxybenzoate) were quantitatively compared. Subsequent CP/MAS ¹³C-NMR spectra of the regenerated substrates demonstrated that the structural changes of the cellulose in the substrates occurred during the dissolution and regeneration process, resulting in efficient enzymatic hydrolysis (63.2–88.7% vs. 49.5%), thus obtaining a high yield of extracted lignin (RCEL). In short, the understanding of native lignin in fast-growing poplar will contribute to the diversification of the biomass feedstock supply for designing effective deconstruction strategies for lignocellulosic biomass.