Qingshuang Liang

Radiotherapy-radiodynamic therapy (RT-RDT) represents an advanced approach to overcome tumor radioresistance. However, its therapeutic outcome is heavily compromised by the tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly the overexpression of glutathione (GSH, up to 10 mM). Herein, a heterostructured nanoplatform composed of Bi2MoO6 and black phosphorus (denoted as BMO-BP) is developed for multimodal TME remodeling to achieve photothermal-amplified radio-radiodynamic therapy. The heterojunction formed between BMO and BP facilitates efficient charge carrier separation and suppresses electron−hole recombination, significantly boosting X-ray-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Electron transfer at the BMO-BP interface promotes the cyclic valence transition of Mo5+/Mo6+, establishing a self-sustaining GSH depletion-ROS generation system for chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Moreover, the BMO-BP nanoplatform exhibits a pronounced photothermal effect upon 808 nm NIR irradiation, which sensitizes DNA to radiation- and ROS-induced damage. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the BMO-BP nanoplatform effectively remodels the TME and achieves potent tumor suppression (84% inhibition) through the seamless integration of CDT-mediated GSH depletion and PTT-assisted radiosensitization into the RT-RDT regimen. This study introduces a multifunctional nanoplatform that offers a promising strategy to circumvent microenvironment-mediated radioresistance via photothermal-amplified RT-RDT.

Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production is considered an important technology for alleviating environmental problems and energy scarcity at present. In this work, a series of BiOCl/BiOBr Z‐type heterojunctions were successfully synthesized by a facile one‐step method. The successful formation of the heterostructure was confirmed through techniques such as XRD, SEM, HRTEM, FTIR, and XPS. Notably, the heterojunction exhibited significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance in hydrogen peroxide production. The best performing sample (BiOCl/BiOBr 2:8) showed the highest hydrogen peroxide concentration of 10.8 mmol/L. PL and EIS results demonstrated the crucial role of the heterojunction in promoting charge transfer and separation during the photocatalytic process, and retaining the strong redox ability of electrons/holes on different active sites. The free radical trapping experiments results and electron spin resonance spectra demonstrated that photocatalytic pathway of the as‐prepared heterojunctions was in the dual‐channel route, from both oxygen reduction and water oxidation. This work might provide a reliable strategy for photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production via photocatalysis.

Insufficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and radioresistance resulting from the intrinsic features of tumors consistently give rise to unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes of radiotherapy (RT). Developing a multifunctional radiosensitizer capable of activating ROS-induced apoptosis and achieving multimodal therapy is highly imperative yet remains a challenge so far. Herein, a multifunctional therapeutic nanoplatform based on Bi₂WO₆–BP heterojunctions for multimodal synergistic tumor treatment with glutathione depletion and amplifying ROS generation is rationally designed. Rich in high-Z elements, Bi₂WO₆–BP heterojunctions are able to deposit higher radiation doses into cancer cells, enhancing the radiotherapy effect. The Z-scheme heterojunction structure facilitates the X-ray-triggered catalytic process that catalyzes intracellular overproduced H₂O₂ into highly toxic ˙OH, which thus enhances ROS generation in a hypoxic environment. The unique sub-band structures of BP NSs and the synergistic effect between Bi₂WO₆ and BP significantly boosted ¹O₂ generation. Meanwhile, the acidic TME can trigger the cycle conversion of W from W⁵⁺ to W⁶⁺, and the redox reaction between W⁶⁺ and GSH consumes the high level of GSH in tumor cells and increases the production of ROS. The mild photothermal effect produced by the Bi₂WO₆–BP heterojunction could further enhance the ROS generation. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the as-prepared Bi₂WO₆–BP heterojunction possesses high synergistic therapeutic efficacy. This work offers a viable approach to build a multifunctional radiosensitizer with TME-triggered multiple synergistic therapies for deep tumors.

Development of radiosensitizers with high-energy deposition efficiency, electron transfer, and oxidative stress amplification will help to improve the efficiency of radiotherapy. To overcome the drawbacks of radiotherapy alone, it is also crucial to design a multifunctional radiosensitizer that simultaneously realizes multimodal treatment and tumor microenvironment modulation. Herein, a multifunctional radiosensitizer based on the Cu₃BiS₃-BP@PEI nanoheterostructure (NHS) for multimodal cancer treatment is designed. Cu₃BiS₃-BP@PEI NHS is able to deposit a high radiation dose into cancer cells, enhancing the radiotherapy effect. Due to the heterostructure and the synergistic effect of Cu₃BiS₃ and black phosphorus (BP), significantly boosted ¹O₂ and •OH generation is obtained under X-ray irradiation, which is promising for extremely efficient radiodynamic therapy. More importantly, the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) can induce the cycle conversion of Cu²⁺ to Cu⁺, oxidizing glutathione (GSH) and catalyzing intracellular overproduction of H₂O₂ into highly toxic •OH, which thus further enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reduces GSH-associated radioresistance. Furthermore, Cu₃BiS₃-BP@PEI NHS has an excellent photothermal effect and can effectively transform light into heat. The outcomes of the in vitro and in vivo research confirm that the as-prepared Cu₃BiS₃-BP@PEI NHS has a high synergistic therapeutic efficacy at a low radiation dose. This work provides a viable approach to constructing a multifunctional radiosensitizer for deep tumor treatment with TME-triggered multiple synergistic therapies.

In situ Bi nanoparticle modified BiOBr nanosheets with tuned OVs were prepared via a facile one-pot solvothermal method. Benefiting from the in situ Bi modification and moderate surface OVs, the as-prepared photocatalysts showed enhanced H₂O₂ production activity.

Exploring multifunctional photocatalysts with rational design and construction of unique transport channels is of great significance for the value‐added chemicals production and environmental remediation. In this work, a novel 2D/1D/‐2D RP/BP‐MBWO dual heterostructure photocatalyst has been successfully synthesized by loading the in‐situ grown 2D/1D RP/BP heterostructure on the 2D Bi ₂ WO ₆ nanosheets. through simple ultrasonic agitation.Benefiting from this favourable interfacial and structural characteristics, the fabricated BP/RP‐MBWO photocatalyst shows a sharply improved photocatalytic H ₂ and H ₂ O ₂ evolution performance. Excitingly, the optimal of H ₂ O ₂ production rate of the BP/RP‐Bi ₂ WO ₆ composites is as high as 622.5 μmol g ⁻¹ h ⁻¹ under visible light irradiation, which is approximately 15 times as that of pure MBWO. The hydrogen production performance of the complexes was significantly improved compared to the pure MBWO samples. When the BP/RP loading was 20 %, the prepared nanocomposites showed the highest photocatalytic hydrogen evolution efficiency with the hydrogen production rate of about 0.77 μmol ⋅ g ⁻¹ ⋅ h ⁻¹ . This work is expected to offer a new inspiration for the rational design and construction of effcient photocatalyst systems toward solar energy capture and conversion.