Ashish Kumar Choudhary

Extremophilic mosses are known to produce a variety of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in response to various abiotic stresses. These fatty acids facilitate in membrane fluidity, enabling their survival in extreme conditions. The present study investigates the fatty acid profile and taxonomy of the extremophilic moss Hedwigia emodica. The species was found in the Northwestern Indian Himalayan region and is characterized by certain identifying features such as straight leaves, 0.6–0.8 mm wide; long hyaline hair-pointed tip ca. 20?40% of leaf length; leaf margins weakly recurved or plane; median leaf cells with simple to minimally branched adaxial papillae, and obscuring cell walls. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis revealed a total of 20 different fatty acids, including saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Notably, ?-linolenic acid is found to be present in the highest amounts,accounting for 35.44% of the total fatty acids, followed by arachidonic acid with 15.05% of the total fatty acids. We also quantified these fatty acids per gram of moss tissue. The content of ?-linolenic acid (?-3 essential fatty acid) was 5059.861±0.66 ?g/g, whereas ?-linoleic acid (?-6 essential fatty acid) was 1785.24±0.00 ?g/g. Furthermore, the amounts of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acid were found to be 1026.37±0.06 and 2137.95±0.05 ?g/g, respectively. Our findings revealed a significant proportion of nutritionally, medicinally, and biologically important fatty acids that can be used for industrial purposes. The present study is the first-ever quantitive estimation of fatty acid content in this taxon, paving the way for further research into the field of moss lipid biochemistry and the environmental influence on moss fatty acids.

Supplementary Tables 1-3, Figures 1-4 from High-throughput RNAi Screening Identifies a Role for TNK1 in Growth and Survival of Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Parinaric and α-eleostearic acids are unusual conjugated fatty acids. Unusual fatty acids, in general, are known to have roles in defense response; however, the role of parinaric acid in I. balsamina is not known, nor is it known whether it occurs in different species of Impatiens or its closest monotypic relative, Hydrocera triflora (L.) Wight & Arn. The aim of the study was to (a) characterize the fatty acid composition of 21 species of Impatiens and H. triflora and (b) determine whether parinaric and α-eleostearic acids are present in these taxa and, if so, (c) whether there is interspecific and intraspecific variation in parinaric acid content. Fatty acid profiling was done using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS). To uncover taxonomic patterns of variation in fatty acids, principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were performed. The major fatty acids in Impatiens were found to be palmitic (5.57–20.85%), stearic (2.86–21.61%), oleic (2.79–28.99%), linoleic (C18:2Δ^9,12, 2.04–26.64%), α-linolenic (C18:3∆^9,12,15; 11.07–53.99%), and four forms of parinaric acid (5.93–70.21%). Genus Impatiens contains two unusual conjugated fatty acids- parinaric and α-eleostearic, however these are absent in closely related H. triflora. This study reports the presence of four different forms of parinaric acid in Impatiens for the first time. Some species (I. mengtszeana, I. racemulosa and I. oppositifolia) were found to contain very high levels (> 50%) of parinaric acid and they might be useful for various biomedical and industrial applications. Apparently, the presence of parinaric acid is a characteristic of Impatiens. Significant variations were found in the amount and forms of parinaric acid. We propose the potential application of parinaric acid and α-eleostearic acid as chemotaxonomic markers for Impatiens.

So far, oil‐rewarding flowers are known to be pollinated only by oil‐collecting bees, which gather and use lipids for larval feed and nest building. As honeybees do not have oil‐collecting appendages on their legs, they have not been associated with pollination of such flowers. In a predominantly Apis pollinated and food deceptive clade of wild Cymbidiums, we investigated the reproductive strategy of Cymbidium aloifolium, hitherto unknown for its floral oil reward. Our study demonstrates the requisites for establishment of mutualistic interaction between the oil flower and Apis cerana indica, a corbiculate bee. Success in pollination requires learning by honeybees to access the food reward, thereby displaying cognitive ability of the pollinator to access the customized reward. Morphometric matching between orchid flowers and the pollinator, and that between pollinia and stigmatic cavity also appear to be essential in the pollination success. Absence of pollinator competition and prolonged flower‐handling time are suggested to promote floral constancy. The present study highlights the need to explore the spectrum of pollination rewards pursued by honeybees, which may include unconventional composition of floral resources.

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research aims to publish findings of doctors at grass root level and post graduate students, so that all unique medical experiences are recorded in literature.

Wuhan, a city of China, is the epicenter for the pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19). It has become a severe public health challenge to the world and established a public health emergency of international worry. This infectious disease has pulled down the economy of almost all top developed nations. The coronaviruses (CoVs) known for various epidemics caused time to time. Infectious diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS), followed by COVID‐19, are all coronaviruses led outbreaks that scourged the history of mankind. CoVs evolved themselves to more infectious, transmissible, and more pandemic with time. To prevent the spread of the SARS‐CoV‐2, many countries have ordered the complete lockdown to combat the outbreak. This paper briefly discussed the historical background of CoVs and the evolution of human coronaviruses (HCoVs), the case studies and the development of their antiviral medications. The viral infection encountered with present‐day challenges and futuristic approaches with the help of nanotechnology to minimize the spread of infectious viruses. The antiviral drugs and their clinical advances, along with herbal medicines for viral inhibition and immunity boosters, are described. Elaboration of tables related to CoVs for the compilation of the literature has been adopted for the better understanding.

Introduction: This review gives an overview of interesting properties of nanoparticles finding potential applications in nanomedicines and their considerations that need to be made such as toxicity while developing a nanomedicine by providing an understanding of a relationship between nanocarrier, targeting moieties and drugs with optical and magnetic properties. Here, we correlate the interesting properties of nanomaterials to their applications in living cells/body simultaneously promises, prospects and toxicity challenges of nanomedicines have also been discussed in detail. Exemplifying the usage of gold nanoparticles and its derivatives such as hetero and homo hybrid nanostructures that allow their use as contrast agents, therapeutic entities and supports to attach functional molecules and targeting ligand along with molecular framework structures. Here, we present the future prospects for potential applications in nanomedicines. These nanomaterials have been used for varieties of biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery, photothermal cancer therapies, MRI, optical imaging, etc. in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: In summary, this review provides innumerable aspects in the emerging field of nanomedicine and possible nanotoxicity.