Muhammad Izzuddin Syakir

The decommissioning of oil and gas infrastructure is a highly intricate process that necessitates meticulous planning, adherence to regulatory frameworks, and specialized engineering expertise. Engineers and project managers engaged in decommissioning operations often encounter difficulties in accessing comprehensive documentation that consolidates information on various structural types, methodologies, inventories, components, equipment, logistical requirements, environmental impacts, remediation strategies, and decision-making tools essential for ensuring safe and effective decommissioning. This review presents a structured framework to aid engineers in understanding the fundamental aspects of decommissioning, encompassing infrastructure classifications, structural components, removal techniques, equipment selection, cost considerations, environmental implications, remediation strategies, and key decision-making criteria. The study categorizes oil and gas infrastructure with a specific focus on offshore platforms, detailing their structural components and operational functions. Furthermore, the present study introduces a structured framework to support decommissioning decisions that integrate sustainability, feasibility, and operational efficiency. By comparing different decommissioning scenarios, this study underscores the balance between sustainability, economic feasibility, and operational constraints. The review concludes by discussing future challenges associated with oil and gas infrastructure decommissioning. This structured approach equips engineers with the essential knowledge to assess strategies, anticipate impacts, and make well-informed decommissioning decisions while ensuring both environmental sustainability and economic viability.

Large‐scale coastal reclamation projects threaten small‐scale fisheries that are critical to food security, economic stability, and cultural heritage. We investigated if and how livelihood strategies mediated impacts of reclamation on economic and social resilience of small‐scale fishery communities in Penang, Malaysia. We used the sustainable livelihoods framework (SLF) to explore how fishers adapted to environmental and economic shocks and the effectiveness of strategies for maintaining livelihoods. A mixed‐methods approach combined structured surveys and semi‐structured interviews. However, due to limited access to reclamation projects, only two of five planned interviews with community leaders were completed. Secondary data were also examined from reports by governmental authorities and environmental impact assessments. Human, natural, and social capital provided significant bottom‐up contributions to resilience adaptive livelihood strategies, while financial capital was less effective in improving sustainability because of structural constraints on access to subsidies and alternative jobs. Our findings highlight the need for targeted policy approaches to facilitate capacity building, financial access, and community‐based resource management. Our findings contribute to a policy discussion that balances economic development, social justice, and environmental sustainability so that growing nations do not leave behind their most marginalized fishing communities.

Soil is a heterogeneous material, and its properties are vital from an agricultural perspective and for groundwater management. However, limited studies have been performed on the soil characteristics (soil texture, water-holding capacity, and soil compositions) of a single pumping well, especially in Malaysia. This article focuses on the soil characteristics and elemental analysis of a single borehole with 11 samples collected around Labu Kubong, Perak. The soil properties were analyzed in the context of particle size distribution (PSD) using the laser diffraction method (LDM), as well as soil composition for elemental analysis using a scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). The LDM results revealed the average percentage of clay, silt, and sand to be 0%, 6%, and 94%, respectively, indicating most particles comprised sand particles which in percentages demonstrated a sandy texture with less silt content. Additionally, the water holding capacity is low because of major coarse sand particles in alluvial formations. Moreover, SEM-EDX outcomes displayed an average percentage of elemental composition reported as follows: C (40.77%), O (34.33%), Si (10.66%), Al (5.82%), Fe (1.10%), K (1.10%), As (0.05%), Na (0.04%), and Be (5.62%). Consequently, SEM-EDX outcomes showed these elements were derived from silicified quartz, feldspar, and iron-bearing minerals that originated from shale formations, and the presence of carbon indicates peat formation. Therefore, this study provides information on a single pumping well from an irrigation practice, and this study also recommends regional to global scale studies for supporting sustainable groundwater development worldwide.

The groundwater (GW) and surface water (SW) interaction (SW-GW) through the hyporheic zone is a significant component in sustainable water resource management. The complexities in SW-GW interactions increase from a local to a regional scale and are affected by variation in hydraulic, hydrologic, and hydrogeologic (3H) processes. Controlling factors and their upscaling of these processes to assess SW-GW interaction have not been addressed sufficiently in previous studies. Additionally, it is unclear what the effective factors are at different scales during the upscaling. Therefore, the present review focused on controlling factors of 3H processes in SW-GW interaction and their upscaling techniques. Relevancy of controlling factors was identified at different scales. Applications of different approaches and their uncertainties were also discussed for the characterization of SW-GW interactions. The study revealed that the improved data from different approaches is crucial for machine learning training and its application in the SW and GW assessment at local, sub-catchment, and catchment scales. Based on the outcomes, a framework has been proposed to execute modalities of controlling factors using remote sensing, geophysics, and artificial intelligence. The proposed framework could help in handling big data and accurate upscaling for water resource management.

Perennial sow thistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) is one of the Indonesian medicinal plants that contain flavonoid compounds. The research aimed to examine the effects of shading and mycorrhiza application toward the growth, fresh and dry weight of shoot, chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and quercetin content of S. arvensis. The research was conducted in the greenhouse of the Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. The experimental design used was a split-plot design, with shading level as the main plot and mycorrhiza application as the subplot. Shading treatment comprised four levels: 0%, 25%, 40%, and 75%, whether subplot comprised two levels: control and with mycorrhizal inoculation. The result showed that shading significantly affected plant growth, fresh and dry weight of shoot, and chlorophyll content. Without shading levels (level 0%) resulted in the highest plant growth, nutrient uptake and yield. The shading level of 0% with AMF application resulted in the highest yield of quercetin. The chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll content was not significantly different at 0%, 25%, and 40% shading levels but decreased significantly at 75% shade levels.