Puspita Kencana Sari

Human factors significantly contribute to breaches in healthcare organizations, such as a lack of awareness regarding cybersecurity threats. This study aims to evaluate the information security behaviors of healthcare workers and identify critical demographic factors that influence them. The demographic factors examined in this study include age, gender, education level, type of profession, and frequently used devices to access health information systems (HIS). Information security behavior evaluated in this study consists of four dimensions: Device Protection, Password Management, Proactive Awareness, and Information Handling. This study employs quantitative methods. Data are collected through an online survey of 209 health workers in Indonesia. The data analysis process consists of two stages. The first stage is comparison group analysis using the Chi-square test to define significant factors in studied security behavior, and the second stage is multivariate analysis, which employs binary logistic regression to determine the most impactful variables. The findings show that, among the five characteristics examined, education level had the most significant effect on the information security behavior of healthcare workers in Indonesia. It underlines the necessity of education in sculpting security practices and awareness in an ever-changing digital world. This study recommends that while developing a security training and awareness program, the education level of healthcare workers should be considered to improve healthcare facilities' security posture and decrease data breach risks. As a result, governments and healthcare managers are encouraged to emphasize training programs as a strategic method of improving information security standards in the business.

This study focuses on the motivations of engaged Indonesian university students who frequently utilize the AI-chatbot to assist them with their academic work. This research modifies Post-Acceptance of Information System Continue model with the ECT (Expectation Confirmation Theory) and TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) to explore constructs to determine what motivates students to continue using the emerging AI-chatbot, namely BING. The findings revealed a positive and substantial correlation between Perceived Information Quality (PEIQ), Confirmation (CON), Perceived Usefulness (PEU), Perceived Enjoyment (PEE), Satisfaction (SAT), and Continue Intention (COI). Confirmation (CON) has a significant impact on how usefulness and enjoyment BING is perceived, which influences Satisfaction and the decision to continue using BING. Confirmation (CON) and Perceived Ease of Use (PEEOU) have no clear correlation with Satisfaction (SAT). Some contributions are discussed in this study, both theoretically and practically.

Background: The health information system (HIS) functions are getting wider with more diverse users. Information security in the health industry is crucial because it involves comprehensive and strategic information that might harm human life. The human factor is one of the biggest security threats to HIS. Objective: This study aims to investigate the information security behavior (ISB) of HIS users using a comprehensive assessment scale suited to the information security concerns in health care. Patients are increasingly being asked to submit their own data into HIS systems. As a result, this study examines the security behavior of health workers and patients, as well as their demographic variables. Methods: We used a quantitative approach using surveys of health workers and patients. We created a research instrument from 4 existing measurement scales to measure prosecurity and antisecurity behavior. We analyzed statistical differences to test the hypotheses, that is, the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney test. The descriptive analysis was used to determine whether the group exhibited exemplary behavior when processing the survey results. A correlational test using the Spearman correlation coefficient was performed to establish the significance of the relationship between ISB and age as well as level of education. Results: We analyzed 421 responses from the survey. According to demographic factors, the hypotheses tested for full and partial security behavior reveal substantial differences. Education levels most significantly affect security behavior differences, followed by user type, gender, and age. The health workers’ ISB is higher than that of the patients. Women are more likely than men to engage in prosecurity actions while avoiding antisecurity behaviors. The older the HIS user, the more likely it is that they will participate in prosecurity behavior and the less probable it is that they will engage in antisecurity behavior. According to this study, differences in prosecurity behavior are mostly impacted by education level. Higher education, on the other hand, does not guarantee improved ISB for HIS users. All demographic characteristics, particularly concerning user type, show discrepancies that are caused mainly by antisecurity behavior rather than prosecurity behavior. Conclusions: Since patients engage in antisecurity behavior more frequently than health workers and may pose security risks, health care facilities should start to consider information security education for patients. More comprehensive research on ISB in health care facilities is required to better understand the patient’s perspective, which is currently understudied.

BACKGROUND The health information system (HIS) functions are getting wider with more diverse users. Information security in the health industry is crucial because it involves comprehensive and strategic information that might harm human life. The human factor is one of the biggest security threats to HIS. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the information security behavior (ISB) of HIS users using a comprehensive assessment scale suited to the information security concerns in health care. Patients are increasingly being asked to submit their own data into HIS systems. As a result, this study examines the security behavior of health workers and patients, as well as their demographic variables. METHODS We used a quantitative approach using surveys of health workers and patients. We created a research instrument from 4 existing measurement scales to measure prosecurity and antisecurity behavior. We analyzed statistical differences to test the hypotheses, that is, the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney test. The descriptive analysis was used to determine whether the group exhibited exemplary behavior when processing the survey results. A correlational test using the Spearman correlation coefficient was performed to establish the significance of the relationship between ISB and age as well as level of education. RESULTS We analyzed 421 responses from the survey. According to demographic factors, the hypotheses tested for full and partial security behavior reveal substantial differences. Education levels most significantly affect security behavior differences, followed by user type, gender, and age. The health workers’ ISB is higher than that of the patients. Women are more likely than men to engage in prosecurity actions while avoiding antisecurity behaviors. The older the HIS user, the more likely it is that they will participate in prosecurity behavior and the less probable it is that they will engage in antisecurity behavior. According to this study, differences in prosecurity behavior are mostly impacted by education level. Higher education, on the other hand, does not guarantee improved ISB for HIS users. All demographic characteristics, particularly concerning user type, show discrepancies that are caused mainly by antisecurity behavior rather than prosecurity behavior. CONCLUSIONS Since patients engage in antisecurity behavior more frequently than health workers and may pose security risks, health care facilities should start to consider information security education for patients. More comprehensive research on ISB in health care facilities is required to better understand the patient’s perspective, which is currently understudied.

Aim/Purpose: This study analyzes health professionals’ information security behavior (ISB) as health information system (HIS) users concerning associated information security controls and risks established in a public hospital. This work measures ISB using a complete measuring scale and explains the relevant influential factors from the perspectives of Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and General Deterrence Theory (GDT) Background: Internal users are the primary source of security concerns in hospitals, with malware and social engineering becoming common attack vectors in the health industry. This study focuses on HIS user behavior in developing countries with limited information security policies and resources. Methodology: The research was carried out in three stages. First, a semi-structured interview was conducted with three hospital administrators in charge of HIS implementation to investigate information security controls and threats. Second, a survey of 144 HIS users to determine ISB based on hospital security risk. Third, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 11 HIS users to discuss the elements influencing behavior and current information security implementation. Contribution: This study contributes to ISB practices in hospitals. It discusses how HIS managers could build information security programs to enhance health professionals’ behavior by considering PMT and GDT elements. Findings: According to the findings of this study, the hospital has implemented particular information security management system (ISMS) controls based on international standards, but there is still room for improvement. Insiders are the most prevalent information security dangers discovered, with certain working practices requiring HIS users to disclose passwords with others. The top three most common ISBs HIS users practice include appropriately disposing of printouts, validating link sources, and using a password to unlock the device. Meanwhile, the top three least commonly seen ISBs include transferring sensitive information online, leaving a password in an unsupervised area, and revealing sensitive information via social media. Recommendations for Practitioners: Hospital managers should create work practices that align with information security requirements. HIS managers should provide incentives to improve workers’ perceptions of the benefit of robust information security measures. Recommendation for Researchers: This study suggests more research into the components that influence ISB utilizing diverse theoretical foundations such as Regulatory Focus Theory to compare preventive and promotion motivation to enhance ISB. Impact on Society: This study can potentially improve information security in the healthcare industry, which has substantial risks to human life but still lags behind other vital sector implementations. Future Research: Future research could look into the best content and format for an information security education and training program to promote the behaviors of healthcare professionals that need to be improved based on this ISB measurement and other influential factors.

This study aims to review the literature on antecedent factors of information security related to the protection of health information systems (HISs) in the healthcare organization. We classify those factors into organizational and individual aspects. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Academic articles were sourced from five online databases (Scopus, PubMed, IEEE, ScienceDirect, and SAGE) using keywords related to information security, behavior, and healthcare facilities. The search yielded 35 studies, in which the three most frequent individual factors were self-efficacy, perceived severity, and attitudes, while the three most frequent organizational factors were management support, cues to action, and organizational culture. Individual factors for patients and medical students are still understudied, as are the organizational factors of academic healthcare facilities. More individual factors have been found to significantly influence security behavior. Previous studies have been dominated by the security compliance behavior of clinical and non-clinical hospital staff. These research gaps highlight the theoretical implications of this study. This study provides insight for managers of healthcare facilities and governments to consider individual factors in establishing information security policies and programs for improving security behavior.