Carmen-Penelopi Papadatu

The recipe for making Damascus steel was lost in ancient times. Based on the fascinating legends and excellent properties of Damascene swords, the study of Damascus steel provided the opportunity to realyse this laborious process of manufacturing this material. This manufacturing involves forging of different layers of two different steels to obtain a particularly strong and durable final product. For this research, were selected two types of steels with a high Carbon compond, particular focus on achieving the best results. In this case, two types of steels: AISI 1095 and 15N20 steel were chosen to create the genuine Damascus steel. Both materials have been selected for their individual mechanical properties, which contribute to the ultimate quality of Damascus steel. Additional studies such as hardness analysis and the strength of materials were conducted to understand and evaluate the behavior of the Damascus steel. Processing and laboratory tests were carried out on the obtained Damascus steel including, for simulation, a finite element analysis which was performed using Ansys R1 2023 and Autodesk Inventor Professional for the created Damascus steel knife blade.

Damascus steel was used in the manufacture of swords and hunting knives before medieval times. The original method of the manufacturing of this type of steel has been lost to time. The research set out to create Damascus steel knives reconstituted according to the recipe from documents written many years ago. The study of Damascus steel provided an opportunity to observe in detail the laborious process of manufacturing this material, which involves free forging and pressure welding of different layers of steel to obtain a particularly strong and durable finished product. To carry out this research, two types of steel were selected to create Damascus steel: AISI 1095 and 15N20 steel. During this study, a functional furnace was built, able to contribute by heating the samples to the hot forging process of these two different materials. By applying a complex process of heating and forging and then repeating this process, the layers of steel were welded together, resulting in an extremely resistant material with a unique aesthetic appearance. Sample processing and the laboratory tests were performed on the obtained Damascus steel to evaluate its mechanical properties, including processing the results using Autodesk Inventor Professional 2023 and simulation in Ansys 2023.

Based on the fascinating legends and excellent properties of Damascene blades, the study of Damascus steel provided the opportunity to observe in detail the laborious process of manufacturing this material, which involves forging and welding different layers of steel to obtain a particularly strong and durable final product. To carry out this research, high-quality materials were selected from a catalog of steels, with a particular focus on achieving the best results. In this case, two types of steel were chosen to create genuine Damascus steel: AISI 1095 and 15N20 steel. Both materials have been selected for their individual properties, such as strength and durability, which contribute to the ultimate quality of Damascus steel. This rigorous selection of materials ensured a high-quality and authentic product. Additional studies, such as finite element analysis and strength of materials, were conducted to understand and evaluate the behaviour of Damascus steel under various scenarios and loadings. Processing and laboratory tests were carried out on the obtained Damascus steel to evaluate its mechanical properties, including the processing of the results using Autodesk Inventor Professional 2023 and simulation in Ansys 2023.

The paper focuses on two unconventional magnetic field-based treatment regimes applied to an alloyed steel before applying a thermochemical treatment. This study was conducted in order to improve the behavior of the chosen material during the wear process. Increasing the wear resistance and the micro-hardness of the superficial layer obtained from the treatments are a priority, as well as improving the mechanical properties of a Cr-Mo alloyed steel. Thermomagnetic treatment, applied before plasma nitriding treatment, improves the mechanical properties of the base material, especially in the case of a steel with a considerable chromium content (1,02%). This paper is a review of my own researches in the last years.

Plasticity is an important property to determine the capability of the steel to support plastic deformations, to obtain important pieces for industry. It is important to know the optimal cooling regime for this material because the steel have been rolling at high temperature or, the steel have been heated at high temperature after lamination process. It was considered a steel grade with a low carbon content, which can be find often in machine industry and in metallurgical operations. Three different mediums for directing of the cooling process have been considered and the properties of the steel have been modified. This study tried to determine a way to improve the properties of this kind of steel to obtain a higher durability corresponding to the exploitation conditions.

An alloyed steel grade for machine parts construction used in industry have been considered and this material was subjected to a non-conventional treatment. The samples have been tested using an Amsler stand for dry friction tests and the diffractometric analysis completed this study. The plasma treatment plant used was the INI 150 made by the Institute of Radiation Physics and Technology in collaboration with the "Electrotechnics" Enterprise and the Nuclear Apparatus (I.C.E.FIZ.) from Romania and was destined for technological research. The samples considered for tests were type rollers, with 10 mm width, with different diameters to obtain different sliding degrees {ξ), considering different values for the normal load (Q). This paper is a short review of the researches from last years and realizes a synthesis and a correlation of the results to formulate conclusions on the efficiency of the application of non-conventional treatments in magnetic field on special pieces from industry.

Apparently, defects caused by failures in mechanical characteristics do not have a significant weight, but at a closer analysis it is noted that there are many lamination programs in which the thermal heat treatment is needed. These defects are generally not a reason for rejecting the plates, but annealing leads to increased specific consumption.