Mohd Rihan

Adult cardiomyocytes (CMs) lose their proliferative capacity shortly after birth, posing a major challenge for cardiac repair following injury such as myocardial infarction (MI). Despite significant advances over the past decade, many strategies for promoting cardiac regeneration have faced limitations, underscoring the need to identify novel molecular pathways and targets. Pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 2 (PKM2), a key metabolic enzyme, has emerged as a compelling candidate in this context due to its multifaceted roles in cellular metabolism, proliferation, redox balance, angiogenesis, and master gene regulator in repair. Recent studies highlight the critical function of PKM2 in cardiac repair and regeneration. PKM2 not only promotes the proliferation of CMs but also protects the heart from oxidative stress by redirecting glycolytic intermediates toward the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), thereby increasing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) levels, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and minimizing DNA damage. Moreover, PKM2 interacts with key signaling molecules, including β-catenin, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1a), and checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), to promote CM cell cycle reentry, angiogenesis, and enhanced cell survival. Collectively, these multifaceted actions highlight PKM2 as both a metabolic and signaling hub in cardiac repair by promoting myocardial remuscularization, protection, and revascularization and position PKM2 as a promising therapeutic. This review explores the diverse roles of PKM2 in myocardial repair and discusses its potential as a novel avenue for advancing regenerative therapies in cardiovascular medicine.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of mortality and disability globally. MI results from acute or chronic myocardial ischemia characterized by an

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the most impactful illnesses globally. Currently, the available therapeutic option has several side effects, including hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmia, and alteration in different ion concentrations. Recently, bioactive compounds from natural sources, including plants, microorganisms, and marine creatures, have gained a lot of interest. Marine sources serve as reservoirs for new bioactive metabolites with various pharmacological activities. The marine-derived compound such as omega-3 acid ethyl esters, xyloketal B, asperlin, and saringosterol showed promising results in several CVDs. The present review focuses on marine-derived compounds’ cardioprotective potential for hypertension, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerosis. In addition to therapeutic alternatives, the current use of marine-derived components, the future trajectory, and restrictions are also reviewed.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the world’s leading cause of death, accounting for 32% of all fatalities. Although therapeutic agents are available for CVDs, however, most of them have significant limitations such as the time-dependency effect, hypotension, and bradycardia. To overcome the limitations of current pharmacological therapies, new molecular targets and pathways need to be identified and investigated to provide better treatment options for CVDs. Recent evidence suggested the involvement of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and targeting PKM2 by its modulators (inhibitors and activators) has shown promising results in several CVDs. PKM2 regulates gene activation in the context of apoptosis, mitosis, hypoxia, inflammation, and metabolic reprogramming. PKM2 modulators might have a significant impact on the molecular pathways involved in CVD pathogenesis. Therefore, PKM2 modulators can be one of the therapeutic options for CVDs. This review provides an insight into PKM2 involvement in various CVDs along with their therapeutic potential. Graphical abstract

The climate crisis is the biggest existential threat to humanity in present times. Realizing this the United Nations have taken several important measures to address this challenge and prevent the rise in temperature of the earth. Increased concentration of carbon Dioxide in the environment is the major contributor to the global warming. Energy produced through the fossil fuels is a great factor behind this increase in CO2. The use of energy sources which do not produce CO2 are to be adopted and promoted aggressively. Universities have to play a crucial role in achieving this shared goal of humanity of saving the environment. The universities have to adopt sustainable development plans in their campuses, implement green energy sources and promote a culture of energy efficiency and conservation. In addition, the universities have to address the research questions in this area and train the manpower also. The Aligarh Muslim University, a leading university of India has been contributing towards these goals. This paper describes the initiatives of the university in adopting green sources of energy, energy efficiency and conservation. The future plans based on the experiential learning are also explained. Keyword: Green Energy, Energy Efficiency, Solar Energy, Energy Conservation, AMU

The tremendous growth in photovoltaic installation around the world poses several power quality concerns. One of the major concerns is a harmonic injection into the grid whose extent depends on the level of PV penetration. Harmonic injections beyond certain limits introduce some negative effects such as malfunctioning of protective devices, reducing power system reliability. Therefore, its analysis is one of the most important aspects for the safe and reliable operation of the modern distribution system. For this, analysis of harmonic behaviour at PCC under different PV penetration levels is carried out to establish the relationship between them. Several measurements have been taken at PCC with varying PV penetration in a 3 MW ground-mounted solar PV plant at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. These measurements include harmonic components of voltage and current by using a fluke II power quality analyser, and the results are compared with the limits imposed by the standards.