Seyed Sadredin Shojaedin

Background: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) causes biomechanical alterations and leads to repeated ankle injuries, impairing daily activities and sports performance. Limited evidence exists on the combined effects of gait retraining with visual feedback added to resistance-balance training; however, this combination shows promise in enhancing proprioceptive retraining and recovery in individuals with CAI. This study examined the effects of adding gait retraining with visual feedback to resistance-balance training on kinematics, centers of pressure, and proprioception in individuals with CAI. Methods: Forty-five participants with CAI (aged 20–30 years) were randomly assigned to three groups ( n = 15 per group): resistance-balance training, resistance-balance training with gait retraining using visual feedback, or control. A force plate (Bertec, USA), motion analyzer (Vicon, UK), and isokinetic device (Biodex, USA) were used to assess outcomes. The experimental groups were trained for eight weeks, three times weekly. Data were analyzed with SPSS and mixed ANOVA. Results: Significant time-by-group interactions were observed for proprioception outcomes, including joint position sense error at 15° ( p = 0.001, η²=0.34) and maximum inversion minus 5° ( p = 0.007, η²=0.21), mediolateral center of pressure displacement (COP-X) ( p = 0.001, η²=0.42), and walking kinematics, including dorsiflexion ( p = 0.001, η²=0.33), plantarflexion ( p = 0.002, η²=0.26), inversion ( p = 0.001, η²=0.39), eversion ( p = 0.001, η²=0.28), and step length ( p = 0.001, η²=0.41). Post-hoc analyses revealed that the significant differences were primarily observed between the training groups and the control group, while significant differences among the training groups were only found for joint position sense error at 15°. No significant time-by-group interaction was observed for anteroposterior center of pressure displacement (COP-Y) ( p > 0.05). Conclusion: Adding gait retraining with visual feedback to resistance-balance training significantly improves proprioception, center of pressure during walking, and ankle kinematics during walking in individuals with CAI, suggesting its potential value in clinical rehabilitation. Future studies should explore long-term effects with larger samples. Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20230910059398N1), registered on 12 April 2024. Available at: https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir .

Background and Aims The interest in martial arts practice has increased greatly in recent years, so more than 75 million teenagers worldwide are active in at least one martial art. Accordingly, this study aimed to compare the effect of ballistic exercises with and ‎without motor sensor ‎exercises on women karateka’s proprioception, function, strength, ‎and balance. Methods In this study, 30 female karateka athletes with an average age of 15±3 years were selected by available sampling. The subjects were randomly divided into three training groups of 10 people: Ballistics with motor sensor training, ballistic training without motor sensor training, and control. Experimental group 1 followed ballistic training with motor sensor exercises, experimental group 2 received only ballistic training, and the control group did their usual training sessions. The indices of proprioception, function, strength, and balance were evaluated. Data analysis was done using SPSS software, version 26 (P≤0.05). Results The results showed a significant difference between the activity level of ballistic exercises with and without sensory motor exercises on karateka women’s proprioception, function, strength, and balance (P≤0.05). Conclusion According to the results, female karateka coaches and athletes, to improve proprioception, function, strength, and balance, it is better to use ballistic exercises with sensor motors exercises.

Background: The efficacy of manual therapy focused on addressing stiffness in the lower extremities for individuals with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) remains inadequately substantiated. Objectives: The objective of the study was to compare the effects of cupping therapy (CT) and myofascial release (MFR) interventions on NSLBP symptoms. Methods: A total of 30 females with NSLBP participated in this study and were randomly assigned to CT and MFR groups. Subjects in each group received intervention for four weeks, three sessions a week on even days. The pre- and post-intervention measurements used in the research were: The Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and WHO Quality of Life (WQL) measurement. Differences were evaluated by 2 × 2 mixed-design analysis of variance. Results: The findings indicate that the interactions between groups and time, as well as the primary effect for the group, failed to attain statistical significance (P > 0.05) for all the measured outcomes. Nevertheless, a notable main effect for Time was observed (VAS: P = 0.001, ODI: P = 0.001, BBS: P = 0.001, WQL: P = 0.001); such that the results of the Bonferroni post hoc test showed that all parameters improved after the intervention in both groups (P < 0.05). There were no discernible between-group variances noted in the pre- and post-intervention periods. Conclusions: Based on these findings, both CT and MFR can be recommended as effective treatment options for NSLBP in clinical practice. Future studies should investigate longer-term effects and include male participants and different age groups to enhance generalizability.

Background and Aims: Anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention programs are implemented to correct or eliminate risk factors and reduce the incidence of injury. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of neuromuscular training on static and dynamic balance and jump-landing mechanics in male soccer players prone to anterior cruciate ligament injury. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental research, 24 male soccer players prone to anterior cruciate ligament injury were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups (12 people) and control groups (12 people). before the start of neuromuscular training, static and dynamic balance and jump-landing mechanics were evaluated for all the subjects. The members of the experimental group participated in the neuromuscular training program for six weeks (3 sessions per week). after the end of the training, all the subjects were evaluated again. Data were analyzed with Shapiro-Wilk statistical tests, analysis of covariance and paired t test using SPSS 22 software (P≤0.05). Results: In this study, among 24 male soccer players prone to anterior cruciate ligament injury, 12 performed neuromuscular training for 6 weeks. The results showed that the static balance (P=0.001), dynamic balance (P=0.001) and jump-landing mechanics (P=0.002) in the experimental group after performing neuromuscular exercises improved significantly compared to the control group. (P≤0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, the use of neuromuscular exercises can be recommended in order to improve the static and dynamic balance and landing jump mechanics and finally to prevent anterior cruciate ligament damage.

Introduction: People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) experience cognitive and motor impairments, including cognitive training and exercise training. This study compares dual task and combined exercise training in water and on land. Water-based training may enhance cognitive and motor function more effectively than land-based training, presenting a promising intervention for PwMS. We explore dual-task training (DTT), including cognitive and motor exercise, with combined exercise in water and on land on the cognition, balance and gait PwMS. Methods and analysis: This is a double-blind 3* 2* 2 factorial randomised trial. Participants will be randomly allocated to one of six groups: four intervention groups and two control groups. All patients will receive supervised 12-week training sessions, two times per week, and will be assessed by a blinded outcome assessor before and at the end of the 12-week programme. The primary outcome includes the Symbol Digit Modalities Test. The secondary outcomes involve the California Verbal Learning Test-II, the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test—Revised, kinetics and kinematics throughout the balance and gait cycle. All the data will be analysed by a blinded data analyst. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval was granted by the Sports Science Research Institute (No. IR.SSRC.REC.1401.082). The results of the trial will be submitted for publication in journals and distributed to PwMS and physiotherapists. Trial registration number: The trial is prospectively registered on 22 March 2024, at https://www.umin.ac.jp/ with an identification number (UMIN000053947).

To assess whether the combination of scapular-focused training and mulligan mobilization (SFTMM) improves pain and proprioception compared to scapular-focused training (SFT) and a control group in female rock climbers with shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS). Three-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT). Outpatient setting. Individuals were randomly assigned to SFTMM, SFT alone, and control group. 8 weeks of SFTMM and SFT. Outcome measures were pain and proprioception. The results revealed significant differences in pain scores and proprioception among female rock climbers with SIS who participated in SFTMM, SFT, and a control group (F(2, 32) = 81.01, p = 0.001, η2 = 0.83 for pain scores; F(2, 32) = 178.2, p = 0.001, η2 = 0.91 for proprioception scores). Post-hoc tests via the Bonferroni test indicated that both SFTMM and SFT significantly reduced pain levels (p = 0.001) and improved proprioception levels (p = 0.001) compared with the control group. There was no significant difference in pain scores and proprioception between the SFTMM group and the SFT group (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the study indicates that SFTMM significantly reduces pain and improves proprioception in female rock climbers with SIS, as shown by notable changes compared to the control group. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the SFTMM (combined intervention) and SFT alone. Therefore, while the incorporation of SFT and MM shows promise; further research is needed to fully understand its long-term benefits and clinical implications. The study was approved at Ethics.research.ac.ir, code: IR.SSRC.REC.1402.170 on 2023-10-22.

The aim of this research was effect of eight weeks of neuromuscular training (NMT) with and without cognitive-dual tasks (DTs) on proprioception and balance of athletes with ACL deficiency (ACL-D). 39 soccer players with ACL-D were selected purposefully and randomly divided into three groups of 13 (control group, neuromuscular training ...

There is evidence in the literature to suggest that low back pain may change spine–pelvis coordination during activities of daily living. This study aimed to compare the variability of the spine–pelvis coordination during sit-to-stand in people with and without LBP. Ten healthy individuals with a history of LBP and ten individuals without history of LBP participated in this study. Three-dimensional kinematic data of the upper trunk (UT), lower trunk (LT), lower back (LB), and pelvis segments during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit were recorded using a multi-segmental spine and pelvis models using a motion capture system. The coordination patterns and the variability of the adjacent segments (UT, LT, LB, and pelvis) were calculated using the modified vector coding method that was implemented through a custom MATLAB code. An independent sample t-test was utilized to assess the differences in the coordination pattern, and a statistical parametric mapping method was used to quantify the differences in coordination variability between the two groups. The results indicate that there are some differences in coordination patterns between groups during sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit. However, a significant difference in coordination variability was only observed during sit-to-stand. The results showed that LBP can alter the kinematics coordination even in the upper (pain-free) parts of the spine during sit-to-stand by changing the coordination between UT and LT in a way that can lead to an increase in the loading on these segments. Additionally, people with LBP showed more coordination variability during sit-to-stand, which can be associated with a coordination strategy that facilitates an optimal and possibly pain-free coordination pattern.

Background: The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of a wobble board training (WBT) course with and without cognitive intervention (CI) on balance, ankle proprioception and jump-landing kinetic parameters in active men with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Methods: Twenty-one active men in the age range of 18–25 years with CAI were randomly divided into three groups of WBT for five weeks as follows: with CI (n = 7); without CI (n = 7); control (n = 7). In this study, balance was evaluated by Y-Balance Test and Balance Error Scoring System, proprioception was evaluated as active and passive replication of 15-degree inversion angle and Maximum inversion angle minus 5-degrees, and single-leg jump-landing test was used for measurement of kinetic variables as pre-test and post-test in similar conditions. Results: Post-test of both groups of WBT with and without CI showed a significant improvement in all variables compared to pre-test (p ≤ 0.05); however, in post-test, there was no significant difference in any of the variables between WBT groups with and without CI (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: A course of WBT with and without CI leads to a significant improvement in balance, proprioception and jump-landing kinetic parameters, including time to stabilization and center of pressure displacement in active men with CAI. Although the WBT group with CI showed a greater improvement in mean than WBT group without CI, but the difference was not significant in any of the variables. Trial registration: Retrospectively Registered. irict.ir Identifier: IRCT20200617047818N1 on 05–02-2021.

Background and Aims Headache is one of the most common problems in adults and almost 47% of the world's population suffer from some kind of headache. High percentage of these headaches come from neck muscles these are called cervicogenic headaches. The purpose of this study is Comparison of the effect of comprehensive therapeutic protocol with and without manual treatment and kinesiotaping on pain and disability, postural and electrical activity of some neck muscles in men with non-traumatic cervicogenic headache. Methods 43 men aged 35 to 55 years with non-traumatic cervicogenic headache were selected for this study and randomly divided into four groups.Forward head angle, pain and disability and power of neck superficial muscle activation measured by using the photogrammetry, neck pain and disability scale (NPDS) and surface electromyography respectively in pre-test and after six weeks in post-test. Statistical methods, Shapiro-wilk and then repeated measures ANOVA and one-way ANOVA and paired t-test, repeated measure variance and finally and Bonferroni were used (α≤0.05). Results The results showed a significant decrease in pain and disability, forward head angle and also a decrease in the activity of the superficial neck muscles in the experimental groups after six weeks of intervention. (P=0.00). Comparing the above three experimental groups, the comprehensive exercise therapy group with manual therapy had the highest statistical significance in reducing pain and disability, reducing the angle of head forward and reducing the activity of superficial neck muscles. (P=0.00). Conclusion comprehensive exercise therapy intervention with manual therapy had the greatest effect on improving the symptoms of men with non-thromatic cervicogenic headache.