Nataliy Victorovna Lapina

Inflammatory and non-inflammatory periodontal diseases, as well as mechanical and chemical injuries to the oral mucosa and the connective tissue attachment of the tooth are common challenges in daily dental practice. Their local treatment typically involves adhesive pharmacological agents, most of which contain synthetic active or auxiliary ingredients. Moreover, not all drugs can remain on the oral mucosa or in the periodontal pocket for a prolonged period, providing sustained release and targeted delivery of active substances directly to the lesion site. A detailed understanding of the oral microbiome, the causes of its imbalance, and the composition and pharmacological effects of drugs used to restore the damaged periodontal complex is needed. This review analyzes Russian and international research on modern approaches to the prevention, treatment, and restoration of periodontal tissues after injury, as well as the development of new strategies to address this problem. A search and analysis of publications was performed in the eLIBRARY.RU and PubMed databases on current methods for preventing and treating complications of periodontal tissues that arise during orthopedic treatment. Despite the wide range of drugs available on the domestic and international markets, the problem of periodontal disease remains relevant. The presence of synthetic substances in medications can accelerate stabilization of the pathological process, but does not exclude the risk of dysmicrobiocenosis. There is a need for a new, clinically effective Russian drug based on an adhesive pharmacological matrix that promotes rapid wound healing, prevents additional infection, and does not cause dysbiotic changes.

According to modern epidemiological studies, the prevalence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pathology ranges from 31 to 88%. The temporomandibular joint plays a key role in masticatory function and articulation, so its pathologies can significantly affect the quality of life of patients. Traditional diagnostic methods such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography have their limitations, which highlights the need to introduce new technologies. Elastography, as a modern non-invasive imaging method, allows us to evaluate the mechanical properties of tissues, which opens up new horizons in the diagnosis of TMJ diseases. In recent years, this ultrasound diagnostic technique has attracted increasing attention in medical practice due to its high sensitivity and specificity. This article discusses the use of elastography for the diagnosis of various diseases of the temporomandibular joint. The basic principles of elastography, its advantages over traditional methods, as well as the possibilities of this method in the diagnosis of various pathologies, including dysfunctions, arthritis and degenerative complications, are described in detail. The article emphasizes the importance of elastography as a key tool in modern diagnostic technologies, contributing to more accurate diagnosis and ensuring timely comprehensive treatment. This, in turn, can improve patients’ quality of life and make the approach to therapy more targeted.

In modern dental practice, adhesive pastes and films are used to treat inflammatory diseases of the periodontium and oral mucosa. They are made on the basis of adhesive pharmacological substances that differ in chemical composition, mechanism of action on the oral microbiome, mechanism of delivery of medicinal substances deep into the tissues, as well as temporary effect on tissues due to varying degrees of adhesion to the oral mucosa and periodontal tissues. The relevance of the problem lies in the need to develop modern domestic pharmacological substances that have the ability to create a barrier effect with prolonged release of drugs in periodontal diseases and oral mucosa, when there is a need to seal a mucosal defect (aphthae, erosion, ulcers) or close periodontal pockets to prevent the penetration of microflora and create obstacles to the effects of temperature, mechanical and chemical irritants and enhance the medicinal regenerative effect, as well as create the possibility of outflow of the exudative component from the wound surface, in traumatic and infectious-inflammatory processes on the oral mucosa. In practical dentistry, Solcoseryl dental adhesive paste was used for about 10 years, which disappeared from the sales market in the Russian Federation for more than 3—5 years. Domestic manufacturers are trying to produce analogs of this paste with different pharmacological effects. In this publication, based on the analysis of domestic and foreign sources, it is proposed to examine in detail the pharmacological composition and compare such drugs as Solcoseryl dental adhesive paste (Legacy Pharmaceuticals, Switzerland), Asepta adhesive balm for gums (Vertex, Russia), President Professional Adhesium adhesive balm for gums (President, Italy). And also to conduct a comparative analysis of adhesive pastes and films to determine the need to create new adhesive drugs in dentistry with more advanced and practically significant properties.

Xerostomia, or dry mouth, is an increasingly prevalent complaint among dental patients. It interferes with normal mastication, diminishes taste perception, and provokes constant concern about oral health. Notably, xerostomia affects not only physical health but also the psychological and emotional well-being of patients. A search of publications conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and eLIBRARY.RU revealed that in peer-reviewed original studies, 30% to 50% of xerostomia cases occur in the presence of various pathologic conditions of the periodontal tissues and oral mucosa. These include gingivitis, periodontitis, potentially malignant disorders, allergic, autoimmune, infectious, and neurogenic diseases of the oral mucosa. Such conditions may present as primary diseases or comorbidities in patients with diverse systemic disorders, including those of neurogenic and psychodepressive origin. Currently, no standardized diagnostic or treatment protocols exist for managing xerostomia in patients with depressive and other mental health disorders. Furthermore, detailed assessment and correction of the pro- and antioxidant balance in oral fluid are warranted, as disruptions in this system significantly impair quality of life, impacting patients’ social functioning and daily activity.

The clinical case describes the method of replacing a lower molar tooth with two small-diameter dental implants. The method allows reducing trauma and also reducing by 2 times the rehabilitation period of patients after implant treatment due to the absence of the need for additional surgical osteoplastic interventions, and also significantly improves the prognosis of treatment.

The variability of the craniometric parameters of the infraorbital foramen of the anterior surface of the body of the upper jaw is noted in a large number of scientific publications, which indicates the need for an individual approach when assessing the shape, the number of additional holes in the area of the infraorbital foramen, the location of this anatomical formation of the facial skeleton in relation to the lower edge of the orbit, and the bones of the cavity nose and alveolar process, and many scientific researchers note that the location of the infraorbital foramen on the right and left sides differs in level, there are often different shapes of the infraorbital foramen and additional canals are also found either on the right or on the left side and their shape also differs from each other from a friend. All this affects the effectiveness of local conduction anesthesia in the area of the infraorbital foramen, so digital and radiological assessment using cone beam computed tomography will help ensure the accuracy and safety of this type of conduction anesthesia.

BACKGROUND: The treatment of chronic apical periodontitis is directly related to the successful impact on the biofilm in the root canal system. Despite recent advances in understanding the effects of bacterial biofilm, there are still many questions concerning bacterial inactivation, and more research in these areas is needed. AIM: To investigate approaches to improve the effectiveness of treating chronic apical periodontitis by combining an antimicrobial drug with sound activation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The biological material of 40 teeth was obtained as a result of removal according to guidelines to create a model of the process of obturation of a tooths root canal with a calcium hydroxide paste. In the main group, we used the EndoActivator (Dentsply Sirona, USA) system intracanally after introducing the resultant paste with the help of canal filler. The root canal filling was performed using canal filler in the comparison control group. The filling was assessed using a radiovisiograph (Schick Technologies Inc., USA), and the filling of macrocanal and microcanal of the tooth root was examined using a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: The average score per tooth in the main group was 0.5 points/tooth. The average score per tooth in the control group was 2.05 points/tooth, which was significantly higher than in the main group (p 0.001). A comparison of the proportions of teeth with a certain number of points recorded in the compared groups revealed that teeth with a score of 0 (80%) predominated in the main group, whereas the proportion of such teeth in the control group was 15%; the differences are statistically significant (p 0.001). The data showed that the effectiveness of the root canal filling method with the canal filler and activation of the EndoActivator system resulted in the least complications. CONCLUSION: The use of sonic vibrations of the EndoActivator system causes a dynamic movement of the material in the root canal, aimed at improving its flow and distribution into the dentinal tubules, and contributes to the uniform homogeneity of the filling material in the lumen of the root canal and the absence of voids between the root filling and the walls of the root canal of the tooth.

The prevalence of inflammatory periodontal diseases, and in particular hypertrophic gingivitis, among adolescents ranges from 50 - 99%, which is often combined with malocclusion and this combination is about 70% of cases, which is an urgent and unresolved problem of modern periodontology and orthodontics. Therefore, the study of the issues of correlation between the severity of morphological, functional and aesthetic disorders of the masticatory-speech apparatus and the severity of the inflammatory process in the tissues of the periodontal complex is important and necessary for the development of modern complexes for the treatment of adolescents with hypertrophic gingivitis and malocclusion class 1 according to Angle during the hormonal period. perestroika. The purpose of the study: to optimize the complex treatment of malocclusion in adolescents with hypertrophic gingivitis. 32 patients aged 14 to 17 years with E.H. class I malocclusion. ANGLE and mild edematous hypertrophic gingivitis were included in this study. All patients underwent orthodontic treatment using non-removable orthodontic equipment (brackets), but for periodontal treatment, patients were divided into 2 groups of 16 people, one group underwent traditional conservative periodontal treatment, and the other group of patients underwent removal of dental biofilm using GBT therapy on apparatus "PROPHYLAXIS MASTER". Before treatment, after 6 months and after the removal of orthodontic equipment, an index assessment of the state of periodontal tissues was carried out and a comparison of the average statistical data of teleradiography to study changes in the size of the facial part of the skull before and after orthodontic treatment, as well as a study of the correlation between the studied parameters was carried out for all patients. According to the results of the study, it was found that during orthodontic treatment of adolescents with malocclusion class I according to E.H. ANGLE and GBT-periodontal therapy increases the effectiveness of complex treatment for this category of patients by 40% compared to traditional therapy for inflammatory periodontal diseases at the stages of orthodontic treatment.