Pavel A. Shchinnikov

RELEVANCE. Development of a new technology based on the Allam cycle with incycle coal gasification. THE PURPOSE. Determine the thermal efficiency of the Allam cycle with in-cycle coal gasification. Calculate the synthesis gas combustion process. Consider the provisions of thermodynamic analysis of energy cycles. Compare the considered technology with other technologies of electric power generation on organic fuel. METHODS. The method for calculating the synthesis gas combustion process consists in determining the mass-flow characteristics of the fuel, oxidizer, working fluids and thermal efficiency, which allows comparing the considered technology with others. In the proposed method, it is assumed that pure synthesis gas is burned at a stoichiometric ratio of the supplied oxygen. Limitations of the presented method are the thermodynamic parameters of the input, which will determine the enthalpies of the working fluid and water vapor at the calculated points, as well as the ambient temperature, on which the pressure at the outlet of the CO2 turbine will depend. RESULTS. The article proposes a method for determining the thermal efficiency of the Allam cycle with in-cycle coal gasification. The method is based on the calculation of synthesis gas combustion and the provisions of thermodynamic analysis of energy cycles. Using the developed method, the thermal efficiency of the electricity generation technology based on the Allam cycle with incycle gasification of Kuznetsk coal in the Texas process is analyzed. The considered technology is compared with other technologies for generating electricity on organic fuel. CONCLUSION. It was calculated that the synthesis gas consumption for the considered technology is approximately 4.3 times higher than for the Allam cycle with oxygen combustion of methane. It is shown that the proportion of working fluid renewal for the technology based on the Allam cycle with in-cycle coal gasification is 1.6 times higher than that of a similar CO2 cycle on methane. It is shown that the thermal efficiency of the technology is 65.5%, which is comparable with similar technologies of different architectures.

The article presents a methodology for evaluating capital investments in new technologies for electricity production based on oxygen‐fuel carbon dioxide power cycles. Methane is used as fuel in the base case of the calculation. The technique uses power‐law dependences, which allow obtaining the result in the form of continuous cost functions of thermodynamic, mass‐flow, power and other parameters. The calculated dependence can be obtained by considering the influence of any thermodynamic or energy factor. The methodology is presented in full and allows for a unit‐by‐unit evaluation of the power plant cost. Based on this evaluation, capital investments in four technologies based on the carbon dioxide power cycle were calculated. The Allam cycle, the Allam cycle with condensation (Allam‐Z), and the cycles proposed by the authors are considered. Their detailed description is presented. Specific investment in technologies is 950–1400 $/kW, and for the Allam cycle, there is a minimum of specific investment in the zone of the turbine inlet temperatures of 1000–1100°C.

The PURPOSE of the work is to determine the mass-flow characteristics of working substances and energy indicators of an installation based on a CO₂ cycle with a two-stage pressure increase (Allam cycle) during oxygen combustion of methanol.METHODS. A research methodology is presented in which the mass-flow characteristics of working substances are determined based on the reactions of combustion and synthesis of methanol and electrolysis of water. These reactions are basic for ensuring operational processes in the installation. The method is based on the molar ratios of substances participating in reactions under stoichiometric conditions. Using the thermodynamic parameters of the cycle being implemented and at a given installation power, the consumption of the working fluid, the share of carbon dioxide renewal in the cycle, the amount of methanol produced in the synthesis unit, the amount of fresh methanol, the amount of hydrogen produced in the water electrolysis unit and the amount of oxygen are determined, necessary to ensure fuel combustion processes. At the same time, the amount of commercial hydrogen is determined. Electricity consumption for own needs is determined using regulatory methods and data from equipment manufacturers.RESULTS. The article shows that with similar values of thermal efficiency of CO₂ cycles based on oxygen combustion of methane and methanol, the amount of carbon dioxide removed from the cycle for disposal is 11% less. It has been shown that a CO₂ cycle operating on methanol is capable of producing commercial hydrogen simultaneously with electricity generation. The specific electricity consumption for hydrogen production is 22% less than for its production without combination with the CO₂ cycle.

In the course of designing new generating equipment for power plants and their thermal circuits, in the absence of information about their cost, analog indicators and/or expert assessments are used in the design practice. This approach allows us to compare various options if they can be brought to a comparable form and when the same type of equipment is used. When it is necessary to compare options that differ not only in the specified capacity, but also in the equipment configuration, a more accurate assessment of investment is required. The article proposes a method for estimating capital investment in power plants using a power parametric function. Capital investment is assessed for each unit of the power plant and its engineering system. A special feature of the approach is that the higher the cost of the unit is, the higher its thermodynamic characteristics, power, time of load use, etc. These factors are taken into account by the exponent in the power function. In addition, the correction coefficients take into account the configuration of the equipment, its climatic design, and configuration features. The combination of factors that are taken into account in the power function makes it possible to obtain an estimate of the cost of equipment in different versions. The uniformity of the problem statement makes it possible to apply the approach both to design tasks and to scientific and applied tasks of comparing the existing, newly developed and promising technologies. This paper presents the updating and development of the method developed in previous years at the department of thermal power plants of NSTU. Equations for determining investment in the main units and technical systems of power plants are presented. Estimates of investment in power plants currently under construction in Russia are made. It is shown that investment in power plants in Russia is 20-50% lower than in the USA and Europe, and 20-30% higher than in China.

It is created technology of evaluation of CCP application efficiency in consideration of energy budget and systemspsila limitations. It is determined efficient TPP capacity structure of SFD.

Combined hydrogen production consisting of steam-gas thermal power station (TPS) power units with gasification is ecologically clean and therrnodynamically effective. Exergic combined hydrogen and electric power production is about 61%. Technical-economical efficiency as compared with traditional TPS is about 1,3... 1,5 times higher.

This article presents the suggested scheme of a two circuit of combined cycle plant (CCP) with primary using solid fuel, which combines advanced scientific and technical achievements oriented to domestic power machine building enterprises, permits to economize gas as compared with binary CCP and has efficiency, unachievable by coal technologies. Calculation efficiency is 46,5...48,1% subject to configurations.