Fatemeh Sari Aslani

Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is a rare, immune‐mediated cicatricial alopecia characterized by perifollicular erythema, hyperkeratosis, and progressive hair follicle destruction, leading to permanent hair loss. While LPP typically affects the scalp and is classified into classic LPP, frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA), and Graham‐Little–Piccardi–Lassueur (GLPL) syndrome, atypical presentations involving extra‐scalp regions, including the face, are exceedingly rare. We present a unique case of melasma‐like LPP manifesting on the face, a highly unusual presentation that posed diagnostic challenges due to its resemblance to hyperpigmentary disorders. A 38‐year‐old man presented with an asymptomatic hyperpigmented patch on the cheek and forehead mimicking melasma. This case highlights the importance of considering LPP in the differential diagnosis of facial hyperpigmentation, particularly when conventional therapies for melasma fail. It should be noted that histopathology was a valuable tool for the diagnosis of the disease. We recommend including dermoscopic images in future studies to help dermatologists become familiar with the dermoscopic features of LPP and to differentiate between LPP and melasma using dermoscopy.

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe a case of cutaneous lichen planus (LP) that appeared following COVID-19 infection. Case description: We report a case of extensive cutaneous classic familial LP in a 4-year-old male child after an asymptomatic serologically confirmed COVID-19 infection. The patient developed intensely itchy, purple, flat-topped papules and plaques, mainly on the dorsal surface of the hands, feet, forearms, and shins. Histopathological examination of the skin biopsy showed vacuolar and apoptotic degeneration of the basal cell layer with a band-like lymphocyte infiltrate at the dermo-epidermal junction and confirmed the diagnosis of LP. Comments: LP could be considered among the differential diagnoses of pediatric post-COVID inflammatory skin lesions, either in the patients recovering from COVID-19 infection or in the suspicious asymptomatic cases in close contact with COVID-19-infected patients.

Background and Objectives: Granuloma annulare (GA) is a benign skin disorder with various histopathologic features that are rarely investigated in Iranian population. We performed this study to find out the clinical and histopathologic features of GA in our referral centre. Methods: One hundred-thirty-six patients with biopsy-proven GA were reviewed. Clinical data and pathological features were recorded. Results: One hundred-eight female patients and 28 male patients (Female/male ratio: 3.85) with mean age of 42.54 ± 21.2 years (range: 2–83 years) were recruited. Eighty-eight (64.7%) patients had interstitial infiltrative pattern and 48 (35.3%) patients had complete palisading granulomas. The infiltrate occupied both upper and lower dermis in most of the cases (67.7%). Significant mucin was detected more commonly in complete GA compared to interstitial GA (p = 0.019), but inflammation degree, eosinophils, plasma cells, and giant cells were not different between two subtypes of GA (p > 0.05). The significant inflammation contained more significant plasma cells (p = 0.006). The significantly more giant cells were detected in patients between 20 and 60 years of age (p = 0.015); but other factors were not different between age groups. Conclusions: In our study, the prevalence of GA in women was significantly higher than in men. Interstitial GA was the more common histological subtype and the inflammation was less severe and the infiltrate was mostly pandermal in our cases. More severe inflammation contained more plasma cells, and more dense giant cells were seen in middle aged patients.

This study set out to evaluate the wound healing properties of brittle star extracts in vitro and in vivo. Due to the great arm regeneration potential of the brittle star, Ophiocoma cynthiae, the present study aimed to evaluate the wound healing effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of brittle star undergoing arm regeneration in wound healing models. The brittle star samples were collected from Nayband Bay, Bushehr, Iran. After wound induction in the arm of brittle stars, hydroalcoholic extracts relating to different times of arm regeneration were prepared. The GC-MS analysis, in vitro MTT cell viability and cell migration, Western blot, and computational analysis tests were performed. Based on the in vitro findings, two BSEs were chosen for in vivo testing. Macroscopic, histopathological and biochemical evaluations were performed after treatments. The results showed positive proliferative effects of BSEs. Specifically, forty-two compounds were detected in all groups of BSEs using GC-MS analysis, and their biological activities were assessed. The MTT assay showed that the 14 d BSE had a higher proliferative effect on HFF cells than 7 d BSE. The cell migration assay showed that the wound area in 7 d and 14 d BSEs was significantly lower than in the control group. Western blot analysis demonstrated an increase in the expression of proliferation-related proteins. Upon the computational analysis, a strong affinity of some compounds with proteins was observed. The in vivo analysis showed that the evaluation of wound changes and the percentage of wound healing in cell migration assay in the 7 d BSE group was better than in the other groups. Histopathological scores of the 7 d BSE and 14 d BSE groups were significantly higher than in the other groups. In conclusion, the hydroalcoholic extract of O. cynthiae undergoing arm regeneration after 7 and 14 days promoted the wound healing process in the cell and rat skin wound healing model due to their proliferative and migratory biological activity.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare, proliferative disorder of Langerhans’ cells. The presentation can vary from single organ involvement to multisystem and disseminated in severe cases, affecting children more than adults. Isolated vulvar involvement of LCH in a 28-year-old woman has rarely been described and also there are limited data for diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we report the case of a 28-year-old woman with isolated vulvar LCH, misdiagnosed with herpes simplex infection, successfully treated with thalidomide.

Background: Cutaneous pseudolymphoma can histologically and clinically simulate various types of cutaneous lymphoma. We conducted the current study to evaluate the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) aspects of cutaneous pseudolymphoma (PSL). Methods: 30 cases of cutaneous PSL were selected from the archives of 2013-2017 in Shahid Faghihi Hospital pathology lab, Shiraz ...

Background: Several studies reported that endometriosis is associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer. Atypical endometriosis is common in patients with endometriosis-associated ovarian, which might be considered as a precancerous lesion. Objectives: This study aimed to assess ki67 and PTEN expression in endometriosis associated ovarian cancer (EAOC), atypical endometriosis, and typical endometriosis. Methods: In this study, all H & E slides of 260 ovarian endometriosis cases were reviewed. And 25 cases were diagnosed with atypical endometriosis. Forty-one typical endometrioses and 24 ovarian cancers with endometriosis were included. We assessed PTEN and Ki67 immunoexpression in epithelial and stromal cells. Results: The prevalence of atypical endometriosis was about 9%. PTEN loss was found in 12 (out of 24 or 50%) of EAOC, 2 (out of 25; 8%) of atypical endometriosis, and none of the typical endometriosis. In all 12 PTEN loss cases, the PTEN loss pattern in endometriosis adjacent to ovarian cancer was similar to that of ovarian cancer. A total of 7.3% of typical endometriosis and 8% atypical endometriosis and 33.3% of EAOC had Ki67 staining in more than 50% of the epithelial component. Both typical and atypical endometriosis showed similar PTEN loss and Ki 67 staining (in more than 50% of the epithelial component) (P value > 0.05), and both of them were different from EAOC (P value < 0.05). Conclusions: The PTEN loss pattern in endometriosis adjacent to ovarian cancer was similar to that of ovarian cancer. The result indicated that PTEN loss could be an early event in the tumor development pathway from endometriosis to ovarian cancer.

Tufted angioma is a benign vascular proliferation which presents most commonly in infants and children and could occasionally be complicated by Kasabach-Merritt syndrome. Here, we report a 4-month-old girl with erythematous firm plaque on left thigh at the site of hepatitis B vaccine injection accompanied with thrombocytopenia. Histological examination showed multiple lobules of capillary sized vascular proliferation in the dermis and subcutaneous fat (cannonball appearance) with dilated thin walled vascular channels at the periphery of the lobules. According to our search this patient is the second case of tufted angioma arising at the site of vaccination.

Collagenoma is a type of connective tissue nevi, a rare hamartomatous malformation characterized by the predominant proliferation of normal collagen fibers and normal, decreased, or increased elastic fibers. Collagenomas present as multiple or solitary, hereditary or sporadic, asymptomatic, skin-colored papules, nodules, and plaques with variable sizes, and are usually located on the trunk, arm, and back. Here, we report on a 14-year-old boy who presented with an isolated giant collagenoma of the frontal area that dramatically responded to intralesional triamcinolone acetonide.