Julen Izagirre-Olaizola

Academic research on economic issues from a gender approach remains limited, and similarly, few studies and academic papers have addressed the issue of the social and solidarity economy (SSE) from this perspective. The main objective of this paper is to contribute to the academic gap by completing an academic review on the subject and by presenting a panel data analysis of the contribution of the SSE to the evolution of the employment rate in terms of gender in the counties of the Basque Autonomous Community (BAC). Using panel data analysis, this study examines the contribution of the SSE to employment rates by gender across Basque counties. Although a stronger presence of the SSE as a whole positively influences the employment rate of both men and women, a sector‐specific analysis reveals that only the manufacturing sector exhibits a positive relationship with male employment rates. Therefore, further research on the SSE sector from a gender perspective is needed—both to determine whether the observed differences between men and women persist in this field and to explore the underlying reasons. This is particularly relevant in a context where the principles of equality and equity should be inherent to the very nature of the SSE organizations.

The main objective of this paper is to analyse women’s participation in care cooperatives as a fundamental tool for their empowerment. To this end, concepts related to migration, participation in the social economy and women’s empowerment are discussed. The situation of crisis of the traditional care system in the Global North attracts foreign female migration to partially alleviate the problem. However, these women face conditions of vulnerability and precariousness. Global care chains emerge, entailing high family and personal costs for the weakest link.In this context, this study develops a qualitative analysis based on in-depth interviews with workers from three care cooperatives in the Basque Country. The aim is to highlight, through an exploratory thematic analysis, the way in which the social economy, through care cooperatives, can be a fundamental tool for the empowerment of women (migrant or not) involved in the care sector.The analysis of the information reveals that the cooperative is an ideal way to encourage women’s participation and this, in turn, leads to increased confidence, self-esteem and, in general, a sense of empowerment for these women. However, additional difficulties and barriers are also identified for women migrants in an irregular situation.

La aparición hace poco más de 10 años de diversas plataformas que permitían la gestión de alojamientos entre particulares supuso una revolución en el sector turístico. Los alojamientos turísticos han sufrido profundas transformaciones que han venido para quedarse. En los últimos años han surgido plataformas como Airbnb que han transformado la forma de gestionar alojamientos alternativos entre particulares. En un principio, estas plataformas se consideraban un ejemplo de la "economía colaborativa" que sitúan la dimensión social en una posición central en la economía. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, cada vez más agencias profesionales de gestión inmobiliaria también han comenzado a anunciar sus propiedades en la plataforma, poniendo así en cuestión el ideal original de consumo colaborativo entre iguales, así como noción complementaria al concepto de economía social. En este estudio analizamos el nivel de profesionalización de la oferta de Airbnb en 10 ciudades y regiones españolas, con el objetivo de ver si se cumplen o no los principios de la economía colaborativa. En particular, estudiamos cómo se estructura el sector que, en Airbnb, varía entre agentes profesionalizados con múltiples anuncios y propietarios privados de un único anuncio. Además, tenemos como objetivo medir si el efecto de la pandemia del COVID-19 ha afectado a esta estructura, si ha generado respuestas diferentes entre los agentes altamente profesionalizados o entre los propietarios privados de un único anuncio en Airbnb. Este trabajo también presenta un estudio en profundidad del caso de Madrid en el periodo 2016-2020.

Academic literature has analysed the effects of renting vacation homes in recent years from the perspective of large cities. This paper aims to test whether these effects also occur in smaller tourist cities. For this purpose, the case of San Sebastian (Spain), a medium sized tourist city. We find that a one unit increase per 100 housing units in Airbnb listings leads to a citywide average monthly advertised rent of €1,284.20, an increase of 49.45€, on average. This implies a much higher effect of Airbnb on the rental market than previous studies that focused on large cities.

The sharing economy has led to a profound transformation of the tourism sector over the last decade: it has revolutionised the tourist accommodation sector, directly affecting residential markets in destination cities. This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of the research published in Web of Science regarding the sharing economy, tourism and the housing market. 147 studies dealing directly or indirectly with these topics are identified and a bibliometric analysis carried out to determine relationships between the topics and other indicators to measure the breadth of the research. Following this, a deeper content analysis is completed to qualify the most relevant topics of study, supported by data mapping techniques which allow a more immediate visualisation of the subject under study. A systematic review is carried out with a two-fold objective: to analyse and classify the evolution of academic research on this topic in recent years by developing a bibliometric analysis and, in order to enrich our contribution, to identify the main areas of study addressed around this topic. To do this, we analyse the content of the most relevant research papers, classifying trends and subareas of study.

This study sets out to examine the concept of green marketing from a broad-based perspective, focusing particularly on how it may contribute to the adaptation or transformation of the dominant social paradigm in which environmental aspects have hitherto not been considered in economic relationships. A multi-theoretical, interdisciplinary approach is used, because the way in which businesses manage the environmental factor is not an isolated issue constrained only to the internal running of each organisation but rather a general issue that needs a general, integration-based outlook and a long-term approach. Bearing in mind that sustainable development and the protection of the environment are complex, multifaceted issues, particularly as regards their links to consumer activities and environmental awareness, we believe that it is particularly important to clarify the role played by green marketing from a holistic viewpoint, emphasising the need for it to be applied across the board by firms.

The main objective of this study is to analyse the process of integration of health care implemented in the public health system (Osakidetza) of the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country (CAPV), and assess whether the steps taken to date have helped or hindered the work of health personnel in times of COVID-19. Based on a case study, an assessment is made of the way in which certain tools of the integration process have been applied, if they have worked well and if they have led to better management of the pandemic. For the purpose of this study, a qualitative methodology is chosen consisting of a case study and in-depth interviews with health personnel at the front line of the integration process and the fight against COVID-19. This study makes two fundamental contributions. First, it analyses the health integration process in recent years in the public health system of the Basque Country. Second, it gathers the perceptions of different agents related to the Basque Health System of the way in which the tools of the integration process implemented in recent years have worked during the pandemic, detailing the positive and negative perceptions in this regard. Our conclusions offer a series of strategic recommendations linked to comprehensive patient care and the use of tools related to teleconsulting: the unified medical record, electronic prescription, and non-face-to-face care channels.

This paper sets out to analyse organisations in the Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE), working in the field of energy provision, and their contribution to the so-called energy transition from the perspective of social innovation. By showing the practical application of the concept of social innovation and its convergence and synergies with the SSE, we review the extent to which Basque Renewable Energy SSE alternatives are experiences that incorporate socially innovative elements. In addition, we study three cases through these approaches in order to observe the real and potential benefits that experiences based on social innovation can bring to energy transition. The main contribution of our research is to analyse the means by which certain initiatives are implemented through projects framed using the most prominent theoretical models focused on energy transition, social innovation and a social and solidarity-based economy, all aimed at achieving a low-carbon society. .

The main objective of this study is to present a teaching-learning experience carried out before the appearance of the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze its usefulness in times of social and academic restrictions, as well as its fit into an online teaching format. In recent years, much research has been done on the development and application of new teaching methodologies, but the current health emergency situation means that it is necessary to assess how these methodologies are useful in a context of social distancing. Managing teaching-learning processes following the closure of educational centers due to the pandemic caused by COVID-19 presents a significant challenge, not just in Business Management, but across all subjects. In the context of a pandemic, active methodologies take on greater importance as a way of adapting to new, socially distanced educational needs. This article presents a study carried out among students of Business Management at the University of the Basque Country (Spain). The study focuses on the context of the flipped classroom methodology, with students being asked to rate the effectiveness of this methodology, before and after the pandemic. Following the appearance of the pandemic, opinions have been strengthened in favor of the inverted classroom methodology, which is shown to be a powerful methodological alternative compatible with online teaching. Educational authorities must strengthen the technological tools as well as the teacher skills needed to develop capacities related to the rapid response to current and future teaching challenges.