Meliha Güneş

The study aimed to assess the characteristics of new formulations as substitutes for petroleum jelly in coating glass ionomer cement (GIC) and the effect o

This study presents a comparative evaluation of hydrogel, Oleogel, and bigel formulations incorporating model radiopharmaceuticals[99 mTc]­Tc-DTPA (hydrophilic) and [99 mTc]­Tc-HMPAO (lipophilic)for potential buccal drug delivery applications. The gels were characterized in terms of rheological behavior, mechanical properties, and mucoadhesive strength to assess their suitability for mucosal administration. In vitro permeation studies using Franz diffusion cells with synthetic membranes were performed to evaluate the release profiles of the radiolabeled compounds. The findings demonstrated that bigel formulations exhibited the most favorable mechanical and viscoelastic properties, superior release for both hydrophilic and lipophilic agents, and enhanced mucoadhesive performance compared to hydrogel and Oleogel systems. Oleogels, while showing good adhesiveness, were less effective in drug release, particularly for hydrophilic compounds. Hydrogels displayed high mucoadhesion but limited release for lipophilic drugs. The biphasic nature of bigels provided a versatile matrix capable of optimizing the delivery of diverse radiopharmaceuticals through the buccal route.

BUCCAL MUCOADHESIVE SYSTEM FORMED BY LIQUID CRYSTALS OF RASAGILINE MESYLATE FOR NON- ORAL PARKINSON TREATMENT Meliha GÜNEŞ1, Gökçe TURAN1, Özgür MASALCI2, Özgen ÖZER1, Sinem Yaprak KARAVANA1* ABSTRACT The morning "off period" in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), characterized by challenges in receiving the appropriate dose for sleep, insufficient drug levels in the blood, and gastrointestinal issues, poses a significant challenge that impacts the overall quality of life for these patients. Based on research findings, these issues can be successfully addressed using non-oral treatments exclusively. Numerous mucoadhesive systems, such as lyotropic liquid crystals (LCs), have been identified. These systems can form an oblique connection with the buccal mucosa, thereby extending the residence time and optimizing drug bioavailability. The objective of this study is to prepare RM glyceryl monooleate/poloxamer 188 liquid crystal matrices (GMO/Plx188 LCs) to improve the bioavailability of RM. The structures of the prepared formulations were examined by polarized light microscopy and SAXS analyzed. These formulations were also evaluated for several parameter such as appearance, visualization, content uniformity, homogenity, viscosity, mucoadhesion. Obtained results demonstrates the prospective of liquid crytals as a viable and alternative approach for effective rasagiline mesylate buccal delivery. KEYWORDS: Liquid Crystals, Rasagiline mesylate, Glyceryl Monooleate, Parkinson, Buccal delivery

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a type of movement disorder that affects the ability to perform daily activities. It is considered that 1 million people in the U.S. and more than 10 million people worldwide live with PD. It is a chronic and progressive disease, so symptoms worsen over the time. Patients experience motor symptoms such as tremors, stiffness and slow motion, and non-motor symptoms such as sleep problems, constipation, anxiety, depression and fatigue. Dopaminergic drugs are critical for treating motor symptoms in PD. Levodopa (L-DOPA) is the “gold standard” medication for the control of motor symptoms. Because of the progression of the disease, the effectiveness of oral L-DOPA decreases over time and motor fluctuations such as “delayed ON”, “no ON” and unpredictable “ON-OFF” periods appear. These motor fluctuations affect the quality of life of the patient at a high rate and the patient has problems in fulfilling his daily morning routines. Gastrointestinal (GI) problems, as the common non-motor symptom, are the most important cause of motor fluctuations that occur because of inadequate oral treatment with the progression of PD. When oral treatments are not sufficient, non-oral treatments that are not affected by GI problems are required. In this review, the treatment strategies, developed and approved non-oral drug delivery systems in the early and advanced stages of PD are emphasized.

Management of illness through medication is entering a new era in which growing number of novel drug delivery systems are being employed and are available for therapeutic use. Pharmaceutical research and development is currently focused on the development of drug delivery systems to target a drug to the desired organ or site with the aim of minimizing its overall distribution in the body. The oral mucosa has many properties which make it an attractive site for drug delivery but simultaneously provide several problems for researchers for effective and efficient delivery of therapeutic active agents. However, with the development of novel delivery techniques overcome several challenges. Oral mucosa delivery has many advantageslike high blood flow, rapid recovery, prevention of hepatic first-pass effect and pre-systemic elimation in gastrointestinal tract. On the other hand relatively small surface area and significant loss of drug due to swallowing and salivary flow are main limitations of buccal delivery. Different formulations including sprays, tablets, mouthwashes, gels, pastes and patches are presently used for delivery into and/or across the oral mucosa. Over the last 20 years, a wide range of formulations has been developed for buccal drug delivery systems but unfortunately few have been accomplished to be a medicine. One of the main reasons of this unsuccessful result could be the lack of the standardized methods which evaluate in vitro performance of buccal dosage forms. Thus aim of this review, to discuss the potential of buccal drug delivery and buccal dosage forms and also explore recent studies and in vitro analysesmethodology of buccal dosage forms. Peer Review History: UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 4.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Name: Robert Tungadi Affiliation: State University of Gorontalo, Indonesia E-mail: rtungadi@yahoo.com Name: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby Affiliation: Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt E-mail: sally.elzahaby@yahoo.com Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: BUCCAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A TOOL FOR THE EFFECTIVE DELIVERY OF PHARMACEUTICALS