Boglarka S. Huddleston

Background: Quadriceps strength deficit remains one of the most persistent impairments following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and is linked to delayed return to sport and increased reinjury risk. While females sustain ACL injuries at substantially greater rates than males, it remains unclear whether biol ogical sex also influences postoperative quadriceps recovery. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine whether sex-based differences exist in quadriceps strength, power, and morphology following ACLR in adults. Methods: This review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and prospectively registered with PROSPERO. A comprehensive search of PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Embase was performed to identify studies reporting sex-specific objective quadriceps outcomes regarding peak torque, peak torque-to-body weight ratio, rate of torque development, or muscle morphology in adults following primary unilateral ACLR. Risk of bias was assessed using the PEDro scale for randomized controlled trials and the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for non-randomized studies. Results: Of the 1411 unique citations, seven studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 552 participants (231 females, 321 males). Peak torque limb symmetry index (LSI) favored males in most studies, and peak torque normalized to body weight favored males in every comparison. When these absolute values are interpreted against sex-specific normative data, the male advantage appears inconsistent at 60°/s but consistent at 180°/s, suggesting a more nuanced pattern than raw strength values alone convey. Quadriceps power (rate of torque development) was assessed in only one study, which found a female disadvantage in isometric RTD limb symmetry. A second study assessed a related but mechanistically distinct outcome—the percentage decline in absolute torque after a fatiguing bout—and likewise found a greater decline in females. A single study assessing the morphology of the quadriceps found no sex difference in quad circumference within the ACLR participants. Conclusions: Sex-based quadriceps recovery deficits after ACLR are not uniform. A pattern consistent with a velocity- and fatigue-dependent female disadvantage was observed, but because only one study assessed true power/rate of torque development, testing velocity was confounded with graft type and other sample characteristics across studies, this pattern should be treated as a hypothesis rather than an established feature of sex differences after ACLR. Clinicians should reference strength outcomes against sex-specific normative data; whether incorporating fatigue- and velocity-sensitive testing into return-to-sport criteria improves outcomes has not been established by this body of evidence and warrants prospective study. Given the limited number of eligible studies, these findings should be considered hypothesis-generating.

We conducted a literature review about transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) children and parents interfacing with influences outside of their relationships. This qualitative metasummary involved multiple peer-reviewed research studies with qualitative data collected from TGD children. The step of data collection involved database searches and other strategies to identify academic articles relevant to our topic. The step of data analysis led to the production of three primary themes: cultural influences, gender expression, and outside support. We produced this qualitative metasummary report as a resource that health care professionals can review to gain additional understanding about the experiences TGD children and their parents have together. This metasummary ends with implications that health care providers may consider applying.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to enhance clinical decision-making, including in infectious diseases. By improving antimicrobial resistance prediction and optimizing antibiotic prescriptions, these technologies may support treatment strategies and address critical gaps in healthcare. This study evaluates the effectiveness of AI in guiding appropriate antibiotic prescriptions for infectious diseases through a systematic literature review. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies evaluating AI (machine learning or large language models) used for guidance on prescribing appropriate antibiotics in infectious disease cases. Searches were performed in PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for articles published up to October 25, 2024. Inclusion criteria focused on studies assessing the performance of AI in clinical practice, with outcomes related to antimicrobial management and decision-making. Results: Seventeen studies used machine learning as part of clinical decision support systems (CDSS). They improved prediction of antimicrobial resistance and optimized antimicrobial use. Six studies focused on large language models to guide antimicrobial therapy; they had higher prescribing error rates, patient safety risks, and needed precise prompts to ensure accurate responses. Conclusions: AI, particularly machine learning integrated into CDSS, holds promise in enhancing clinical decision-making and improving antimicrobial management. However, large language models currently lack the reliability required for complex clinical applications. The indispensable role of infectious disease specialists remains critical for ensuring accurate, personalized, and safe treatment strategies. Rigorous validation and regular updates are essential before the successful integration of AI into clinical practice.

We conducted a qualitative metasummary of studies with qualitative findings from transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) child participants. We created this report as a resource that health care providers can use to improve and enhance the health care–related services that they offer to TGD children and the children’s accompanying parents. We used the qualitative metasummary method to identify relevant peer-reviewed articles with qualitative data collected from TGD children that address the topic of parental involvement in children’s health care experiences. Data collection resulted in 20 articles. Our data analysis resulted in three primary themes, three subthemes, and 18 total summary findings. The findings within this report offer useful information for health care providers to keep in consideration when serving TGD children and their accompanying parents.

Health sciences and hospital libraries often face challenges in planning and organizing events due to limited resources and staff. At Stanford School of Medicine’s Lane Library, librarians turned to artificial intelligence (AI) tools to address this issue and successfully manage various events, from small workshops to larger, more complex conferences. This article presents a case study on how to effectively integrate generative AI tools into the event planning process, improving efficiency and freeing staff to focus on higher-level tasks.

Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) children are impacted by their relationships with their parents. Parental influence can positively and/or negatively influence TGD children’s well-being. The purpose of this study is to: (a) summarize qualitative research addressing parent–TGD child relationships and (b) share these results with mental health professionals and researchers working to enhance the well-being of TGD children. We employed a qualitative metasummary to review qualitative research with findings about relationships between parents and their TGD children, with data from TGD children. We focused on parent and TGD child relationships after their initial disclosure/discovery conversations. Data collection resulted in 27 articles. Data analysis yielded three themes: parent and child together, child-specific experiences, and parent-specific experiences. This report concludes with practice implications for mental health professionals.

This article outlines a qualitative metasummary of studies with qualitative findings collected from parents of transgender and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) children. This literature review study describes parents’ experiences of responding to TGNC children. The step of data analysis for this study resulted in a data set of 34 research articles with two primary themes, four subthemes, and 17 findings. The two primary themes represent challenges parents faced and changes they made relating to their TGNC children. We created this report to share with mental health professionals, such as clinical social workers, serving TGNC children and their parents. This metasummary report concludes with recommendations mental health professionals can implement to improve services offered to TGNC child mental health care recipients and their accompanying parents.