Alena Hošpesová

The article provides an overview of research focusing on pre- and in-service teacher education, conducted in the Czech Republic by teams of researchers of which the authors were members. It employs the methodology of a qualitative meta-analysis of studies aimed at distinguishing key areas of research and their main results. Twenty-one studies were analyzed, 11 of which targeted pre-service teachers and 10 in-service teachers. The article briefly describes the historical and cultural context that informs mathematics education in the Czech Republic. It also elaborates on key theoretical concepts shared by the studies analyzed, including teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge, competence and pedagogical reflection. The meta-analysis uncovered a common core of the studies in their focus on the process of professionalization for mathematics teachers in its three dimensions: professional vision, professional knowledge, and professional action. Six core research strands are identified within the group of studies: lesson study as a means of developing teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge; joint reflection; professional vision and its development; culture of problem solving and teacher development; problem posing to support subject-didactic competence and teachers’ competencies for content and language integrated learning and culturally responsive teaching. The article outlines the methodology and main results of the studies in each research strand and discusses their implications. Finally based on the meta-analysis, a discussion of the core concepts of teacher reflection, problem solving and problem posing is developed.

Teachers’ understanding of formative assessment is quite essential for its implementation in everyday classroom practices [Heritage, M. (2007). Formative assessment: What do teachers need to know and do? Phi Delta Kappan, 89(2), 140–145]. This study investigates the development of teachers’ perspective on formative peer assessment when it is newly introduced into their teaching. A group of 18 science teachers participated in design-based research project in which they developed and enacted inquiry-based teaching units with embedded formative peer assessment instances. Teachers’ perspective on formative peer assessment was captured by means of group discussions and reporting tool at different stages of the project (before teaching the experimental units, after having taught the units and 20 months after that). Data were analysed by thematic analysis. The findings show that immersing teachers into this relatively new method, formative peer assessment, especially when they are co-investigating their own practice (in research project), may have significant impact on their conceptualisation and implementation of formative assessment in general.

Tento text je shrnutím našich dosavadních poznatků o uplatňování myšlenek badatelsky orientovaného vyučování matematice. Po nezbytném vymezení některých pojmů v něm představujeme, jak je chápáno badatelsky orientované vyučování matematice. Využíváme podněty přicházející z didaktiky přírodovědných předmětů a navazujeme na související podněty a poznatky z didaktiky matematiky. Ukazujeme, (a) jak existující didaktické teorie a podoby školní praxe v matematickém vzdělávání korespondují s badatelsky orientovaným vyučováním; (b) co může být zdrojem matematického bádání ve škole; (c) čím jsou charakteristické matematické úlohy, které mohou vést k badatelským aktivitám žáků. V závěru uvádíme náměty několika úloh podněcujících badatelsky orientované vyučování matematice.

Článek seznamuje čtenáře s International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME). Jsou charakterizovány cíle PME, historie jejího vzniku a její současné aktivity.