Sergey German-Galkin

In ship systems, diesel power generators are used in various systems of autonomous power plants to ensure power supply security. This article presents an autonomous hybrid system of a ship power plant with a diesel generator with a permanent magnet synchronous generator and electricity storage in parallel topology (the permanent magnet synchronous generator is connected directly to the receiving network). The electricity storage through the active converter is connected to the receiving network in parallel with the permanent magnet synchronous generator. The decoupled control of the reactive and active power in the active converter enables stabilization of the voltage in the ship’s electrical power grid while ensuring the possibility of obtaining different operating regimes of the power plant at various stages of the ship’s operation. The innovative method of voltage stabilization presented in this article is based on the compensation of the unfavorable reaction of the permanent magnet synchronous generator armature through the optimal transmission of negative inductive reactive power from the active converter to the generator using the electromagnetic properties of the synchronous generator. The active converter controls the direction of the active power transmission between the DC source, the grid, and the permanent magnet synchronous generator. This paper proposes a hybrid autonomous power plant system using battery storage in place of a single diesel generator set against the commonly used two diesel generator sets, working in parallel, to increase the energy efficiency of the power plant by minimizing the specific fuel consumption of the diesel generator set. The article examines the possibilities of such a mechatronic system design based on analytical research and analysis of electromagnetic and energy characteristics using the Matlab-Simulink program.

The article presents and compares two different control methods for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for diesel–electric ship propulsion. The main focus of the article is on control optimization, which allows improving energy efficiency by reducing reactive power in the mechatronic propulsion system. The first method consists in modifying the commonly used field-oriented control (FOC) strategy to ensure zero reactive power in the inverter–PMSM system. Since a characteristic of ship propulsion systems, unlike those used on land, is the step load on the propulsion motor, the system’s performance in dynamic states is particularly important. Unfortunately, control strategies based on FOC do not take into account the dynamics of the system, since they apply only to steady states. Therefore, the authors of this paper, based on control theory methods, proposed an approach that also optimizes control in dynamic states, while minimizing reactive power in the steady state. The analytical studies were confirmed in simulation studies using the MATLAB Simulink package.

The protection systems of ship generators enable them to eliminate potential failures that pose a significant threat to the safety of the crew and the use of the ship. However, due to the fact that marine classification societies do not require the protection of generators against the loss of excitation, such protection is only used sporadically. This article presents an LOE (loss of excitation) analysis of ship generators that operate in parallel. This analysis is supported by simulations and experimental research. The test results show that the positions of the operating points of each generator are interrelated, and changes in the excitation of one (damaged) generator cause automatic changes in the excitation, as well as changes in electromagnetic and energy processes, in the second (efficient) generator. An LOE in one generator causes a dangerous increase in armature currents in both generators. The results of this study prove that the lack of LOE protection at lower levels of excitement in one of the generators causes (by activating the required protection) the efficient generator to be switched off first. The main conclusion of this article is that the introduction of the use of security measures against LOE should be obligatory and legally required.

The main reason for using asynchronous cage generators in ship’s systems is their reliability, simplicity of connection to the grid network and the possibility to implement the system at different generator rotation speeds. In addition, cage generators running on a DC network can easily distribute and sum up the power of generators running in parallel.In this article a test was carried out on a cage induction generator with an active rectifier and a load. The machine is controlled in a closed system with field-oriented control. The mathematical description of the system has been implemented. A model of this system was designed in the Matlab-Simulink package. The simulation results confirmed the functionality of the system and its good dynamic quality.

In recent years, hybrid generator set systems have found wide application, especially in the construction of power plants for autonomous facilities, such as motor vehicles, ships and planes. This paper presents analytical and simulation tests of a hybrid power plant system based on a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) connected to battery operating in a DC network. As a result of the tests, energy and electromagnetic characteristics of such a power plant were obtained at variable PMSM speed and variable load. The characteristics obtained for the non-optimized system showed the amount of energy losses that increased significantly with the power of the power plant. Therefore, a method of energy optimization of such a power plant was proposed and a system control algorithm was developed and proven in simulation tests. The results of the research presented in this paper confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed solution.

The article presents the results of tests concerning electric propulsion that can be used in a hybrid car with permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for energy optimization. This approach is based on the fact that for PMSM there is no need to create an excitation field in the machine with the use of external sources. In analytical studies, it was proved that reactive power in the PMSM - inverter circuit can be maintained at zero level. A new concept for the construction of an electric car drive with PMSM that maintains zero reactive power in the system was presented and examined in simulation tests.

One of the most effective methods of limiting air pollution emissions by ships at a berth in a port is the power connection of ships to the on-shore system. “Shore to Ship” (STS)—A universal system for the connection of the ship’s electrical power network with the on-shore network—ensures the adoption of the voltage and frequency of the on-shore network for the exploitation of various types of ships in the port. The realization of such a system is possible due to the use of semiconductor technologies during the construction of mechatronic systems (i.e., systems that ensure the maintenance of electricity parameters). The STS system ensures energy efficiency for high-power ship systems through the use of an active semiconductor converter. This article presents an analysis of steady state electromagnetic and energy processes, allowing the determination of the active and reactive power and losses in the STS system. The presented analytical research enables the development of a control algorithm that optimizes the system energy efficiency. In the article, the control methods allowing the optimization of the energy characteristics of the system are considered and investigated. On the basis of theoretical studies, a model was developed in the Matlab-Simulink environment, which allowed us to study steady and transient processes in the STS system in order to reduce losses in power lines and semiconductor converters.

Sergey German-Galkin; Dariusz Tarnapowicz; Review, pp. 138-145 Download

For the safety of the supply, diesel generator (DG) sets are used in various stand-alone power systems using variable-speed generators. The stand-alone hybrid grid system presented in this article, with a wind generator and a diesel generator, but also the system of a ship’s network, serves as an example. To ensure the safety of the ship’s exploitation, the parallel operation of two stand-alone power supplies is required. In parallel operation with the required symmetrical active power load (regardless of the load size), the internal combustion engine of the DG set is often underloaded. This leads to deterioration of its technical properties and, consequently, to a negative impact on the environment. This article presents an analysis of the stand-alone hybrid power system of a ship’s grid consisting of a DG with a speed and voltage regulator and a shaft generator of variable speed—a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The possibility of controlling the active and reactive power distribution between the DG and shaft generator (SG) was also studied. Control over the mechatronic SG–DG system limits the harmful influence of the DG on the environment and, most of all, improves the technical qualities of the engine of the DG system, which is often underloaded. Analytic studies of the system were performed, and simulation results of the mechatronic model are presented.