Krittaya Petchpoung

1. Sugarcane products play an important role in the global biofuel economy (Ntunka et al. 2025). The fermentation of sugarcane molasses produces ethanol as the primary product, while yeast biomass ...

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) and duckweed are potential alternative feed ingredients for sustainable poultry production. This study aimed to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AAs) in BSFL, Lemna, and Spirodela compared with soybean meal and rapeseed meal. Six cages of eighteen broiler chickens were allocated to each treatment. The crude protein (CP) content was highest in soybean meal (511 g/kg dry matter; DM), intermediate in BSFL (391 g/kg), and rapeseed meal (335 g/kg DM) and lowest in Lemna (185 g/kg DM) and Spirodela (145 g/kg DM). Ether extract was highest in BSFL (95 g/kg DM), whereas crude fiber was highest in Lemna (109 g/kg DM) and Spirodela (171 g/kg DM). The SID of CP was higher (p < 0.05) in BSFL (89.0%) than in soybean meal (82.3%), rapeseed meal (71.3%), Lemna (70.2%), and Spirodela (44.9%). The SID of all essential amino acids (AAs) was higher (p < 0.05) in Lemna than in Spirodela, but it did not differ from that in rapeseed meal. In conclusion, the high fat content in BSFL can enhance AA digestibility, whereas the use of duckweed may be limited by its fiber fractions, which negatively impact the SID of CP and AAs in broiler chickens.

The growing interest in environmentally friendly food packaging has led to the development of bio-edible alternatives. This study developed novel, edible, active films and coatings to enhance the shelf life of fresh products. Crude bioactive algal extract (CBAE) was obtained from the ethanol extraction of Spirogyra sp. and incorporated into chitosan-based films and coatings at varying concentrations. The CBAE was rich in phenolic compounds and had antioxidant activity and potential antibacterial properties. The films were prepared using a solvent-casting method and characterized for their biochemical and physical properties. The incorporation of CBAE enhanced the antioxidant activity and improved the tensile strength of the films by 80%. Additionally, film transparency and water vapor permeability were reduced by 13% and 50%, respectively, compared to the control. The developed CBAE coating solution exhibited biocompatibility with human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and mouse subcutaneous connective tissue (L929) fibroblast cells. A shelf-life evaluation using a coating-dipping method on okra showed that the CBAE-coated samples maintained better weight retention and firmness than the uncoated samples over 5 days of storage at ambient temperature. Based on these findings, the CBAE-based edible films and coatings could serve as sustainable alternatives for extending the shelf life of fresh products.

This research investigates the efficacy of Spirogyra sp. biomass as an effective adsorbent for the removal of AFB₁ and OTA from aqueous solutions. Several factors, including contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH level, and initial mycotoxin concentration, were analyzed to evaluate their impact on adsorption efficacy. The optimal contact time for equilibrium was determined at 60 min, during which the TPA obtained a 91% reduction in AFB₁ and 68% removal of OTA. Although increasing the adsorbent dosage improved effectiveness, excessive quantities led to particle aggregation, hence diminishing adsorption performance. The optimal dosage of 5.0 mg/mL optimized the efficacy and use of resources. Adsorption was more efficacious at acidic to neutral pH levels (5–6), enhancing the accessibility of functional groups on the biomass. Kinetic analysis indicated that adsorption process followed a pseudo second-order model, whereas isotherm studies demonstrated a heterogeneous adsorption mechanism, with the Freundlich model providing the optimal fit. The TPB exhibited enhanced adsorption capacities for both mycotoxins, offering a viable solution for mitigating mycotoxin contamination in food and feed. These findings illustrate the significance of biomass treatment techniques in improving mycotoxin removal efficacy and suggest the potential of algal biomass in food safety applications.

Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees (AP) is a medicinal plant widely used in the tropical area of Asia. The effects of drying temperature and time on the andrographolide (AG) content, total phenolic content (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity were investigated. A 3×4 factorial completely randomized design was performed. Sun drying and hot-air drying at different temperatures (50℃, 60℃ and 70℃) and different drying times (5 hrs, 6 hrs and 7 hrs) were investigated. The results demonstrated that a higher drying temperature and a longer time decreased the AG content, the TPC, the DPPH radical scavenging activity and the FRAP activity. Dried AP leaves at 50℃ for 5 hrs had the highest AG content. However, sun drying for 5 hrs resulted in the greatest TPC, DPPH radical scavenging activity and FRAP activity. Therefore, the recommended options for the optimum drying of AP to maintain active ingredients were 50℃ for 5 hrs, while sun drying was recommended to maintain antioxidant activity. These results provided the basis for further development of dried Andrographis paniculata leaf products containing high contents of bioactive and antioxidant activity as functional or nutraceutical foods in the future.

Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall.ex Nees is a standing out medicinal herb. It contains a large quantity of andrographolide and wildly used a traditional herb in many countries. Andrographolide is found in all part of the plant. However, those part are different in color, active compound content and antioxidant activity. Even though, there are several methods to determine andrographolide and antioxidant. They are chemical involved, complicated and time consuming. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop estimation method of andrograhpholide content and antioxidant activities by CIE color parameters. The result showed that range of CIE color parameters of andrographolide sample were broad with range from light greyish yellow-green to greyish dark green. Antioxidant activity was barely correlated with colors. However, andrographolide content showed moderate correlation with colors. Dark green andrographis herb contain higher andrographolide than light greyish yellow-green one. Furthermore, andrographolide content could be numerical estimated by CIELab and CIELCh color parameters. The developed estimating method were easy, rapid and no chemical involved. HIGHLIGHTS GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Colored rice anthocyanins are water-soluble natural pigments that can be used as an active ingredient in healthy food and pharmaceutical products. However, anthocyanin utilization is limited because of its instability. This work produced anthocyanin-rich gel beads from colored rice using a modified ionotropic gelation technique for encapsulation, and their efficacy was studied in vitro in the gastrointestinal tract. In total, 15 colored rice samples of three types (whole grain rice, ground rice, and ground germinated rice) were screened to identify the highest anthocyanin content. The anthocyanin content of the whole grain rice was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than it was in the ground and ground germinated rice. The sample with the highest anthocyanin content (1062.7 µg/g) was the black glutinous rice grain from Phrae, chosen based on its anthocyanin-rich crude extract. A new formula using a modified ionotropic gelation technique was prepared for the inclusion of the extract in gel beads. The results indicated that the incorporation of oil and wax significantly increased the encapsulation efficiency of the gel beads (% EE value of 85.43%) and improved the bioavailability of the active ingredient. Moreover, after simulated digestion, the release of anthocyanin and total phenolic content occurred more than five times. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the surface of the gel beads was smooth. Furthermore, the presence of polyphenols and polysaccharides in the gel beads was confirmed using FTIR. The oil-wax-incorporated, anthocyanin-rich gel beads could be implemented for antioxidant delivery into the gastrointestinal tract to further improve healthy food and nutraceutical products.

Objective: This research determined the chemical composition and the apparent and standardized ileal digestibility (AID and SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in whole yeast and autolyzed yeast derived from sugarcane ethanol production fed to growing pigs.Methods: Six growing pigs were randomly allocated in a replicated 3×3 Latin square design with 3 diets and 3 periods of 7 days each, resulting in a total of 6 experimental replications. Three assay diets were formulated using whole yeast, autolyzed yeast, or soybean meal as the sole sources of dietary CP and AA. Pigs were allowed to adapt to the assay diets for 5 days. Thereafter, ileal digesta samples were collected continuously for 8 hours on days 6 and 7.Results: There was no difference in the chemical composition between whole yeast and autolyzed yeast, but whole yeast had low digestibility of CP and AA due to the presence of a rigid cell wall. As conducting autolysis can induce cell wall damage, the AID and SID of CP and AA were greater in autolyzed yeast than in whole yeast.Conclusion: The information obtained on the SID of CP and AA in both yeast products can be used for the accurate estimation of the bioavailability of CP and AA in feed formulations. The yeast products derived from sugarcane ethanol production are an alternative protein source in pig diets.