Shahid Muhammad Ali

A button sensor antenna for wireless medical body area networks (WMBAN) is presented, which works through the IEEE 802.11b/g/n standard. Due to strong interaction between the sensor antenna and the body, an innovative robust system is designed with a small footprint that can serve on- and off-body healthcare applications. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement. The design offers a wide range of omnidirectional radiation patterns in free space, with a reflection coefficient (S11) of -29.30 (-30.97) dB in the lower (upper) bands. S11 reaches up to -23.07 (-27.07) dB and -30.76 (-31.12) dB, respectively, on the human body chest and arm. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) values are below the regulatory limitations for both 1-gram (1.6 W/Kg) and 10-gram tissues (2.0 W/Kg). Experimental tests of the read range validate the results of a maximum coverage range of 40 meters.

A flexible meander line monopole antenna (MMA) is presented in this paper. The antenna can be worn for on-and off-body applications. The overall dimension of the MMA is 37 mm x 50 mm x2.37 mm3. The MMA was manufactured and measured, and the results matched with simulation results. The MMA design shows a bandwidth of up to 1282.4 (450.5) MHz and provides gains of 3.03 (4.85) dBi in the lower and upper operating bands, respectively, showing omnidirectional radiation patterns in free space. While worn on the chest or arm, bandwidths as high as 688.9 (500.9) MHz and 1261.7 (524.2) MHz, and the gains of 3.80 (4.67) dBi and 3.00 (4.55) dBi were observed. The experimental measurements of the read range confirmed the results of the coverage range of up to 11 meters.

The human body is an extremely challenging environment for wearable antennas due to the complex antenna-body coupling effects. In this article, a compact flexible dual-band planar meander line monopole antenna (MMA) with a truncated ground plane made of multiple layers of standard off-the-shelf materials is evaluated to validate its performance when worn by different subjects to help the designers who are shaping future complex on-/off-body wireless devices. The antenna was fabricated, and the measured results agreed well with those from the simulations. As a reference, in free-space, the antenna provided omnidirectional radiation patterns (ORP), with a wide impedance bandwidth of 1282.4 (450.5) MHz with a maximum gain of 3.03 dBi (4.85 dBi) in the lower (upper) bands. The impedance bandwidth could reach up to 688.9 MHz (500.9 MHz) and 1261.7 MHz (524.2 MHz) with the gain of 3.80 dBi (4.67 dBi) and 3.00 dBi (4.55 dBi), respectively, on the human chest and arm. The stability in results shows that this flexible antenna is sufficiently robust against the variations introduced by the human body. A maximum measured shift of 0.5 and 100 MHz in the wide impedance matching and resonance frequency was observed in both bands, respectively, while an optimal gap between the antenna and human body was maintained. This stability of the working frequency provides robustness against various conditions including bending, movement, and relatively large fabrication tolerances.

This paper presents a miniaturized dual-polarized Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna with high isolation. The antenna meets the constraints of sub-6 GHz 5G and the smartphones’ X-band communications. A vertically polarized modified antipodal Vivaldi antenna and a horizontally polarized spiral antenna are designed and integrated, and then their performance is investigated. Three frequency bands of 3.8 GHz, 5.2 GHz, and 8.0 GHz are considered, and the proposed dual-polarized antenna is studied. High isolation of greater than 20 dB is obtained after integration of metamaterial elements, and without applying any other decoupling methods. The proposed triple-band metamaterial-based antenna has 1.6 GHz bandwidth (BW) (2.9 GHz–4.5 GHz), 13.5 dBi gain, and 98% radiation efficiency at 3.8 GHz. At 5.2 GHz it provides 1.2 GHz BW, 9.5 dBi gain, and 96% radiation efficiency. At 8.0 GHz it has 1 GHz BW, 6.75 dBi gain, and 92% radiation efficiency. Four antenna elements (with eight ports) were laid out orthogonally at the four corners of a mobile printed circuit board (PCB) to be utilized as a MIMO antenna for 5G communications. The performance of the MIMO antenna is examined and reported.

The demand for wearable technologies has grown tremendously in recent years. Wearable antennas are used for various applications, in many cases within the context of wireless body area networks (WBAN). In WBAN, the presence of the human body poses a significant challenge to the wearable antennas. Specifically, such requirements are required to be considered on a priority basis in the wearable antennas, such as structural deformation, precision, and accuracy in fabrication methods and their size. Various researchers are active in this field and, accordingly, some significant progress has been achieved recently. This article attempts to critically review the wearable antennas especially in light of new materials and fabrication methods, and novel designs, such as miniaturized button antennas and miniaturized single and multi-band antennas, and their unique smart applications in WBAN. Finally, the conclusion has been drawn with respect to some future directions.

This paper introduces the design of compact microstrip patch antenna for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications at ISM 2.4 GHz. The design consists of a radiating patch on one side of the substrate and a ground plane is located on the other side of the substrate. The antenna is fed through an inset transmission line and then loaded by two triangles, and shorting pins on both sides of the radiating patch to lengthen the path for current, as result it reduced the overall size. The dimensions of radiating patch antenna are 62 mm× 43 mm × 1.67 mm. By locating the proposed antenna On and Off body communication, it can maintain compact and stable far field radiation characteristics and negligible specific absorption rate (SAR). Furthermore, high efficiencies of about 53 % and 46% are obtained during off and on body, which is higher than recent similar works in the literature. The simulated results showed a good agreement with the measured results. Owing to the acceptable results, the proposed design can be a reliable candidate for WBAN applications at ISM band.