Syed Asim Hussain

Of all driving functions, one of the critical maneuvers is the lane merge. A cooperative Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC)-based optimization method for implementing a highway lane merge of two connected autonomous vehicles is presented using solutions obtained by the direct multiple shooting method. A performance criteria cost function, which is a function of the states and inputs of the system, was optimized subject to nonlinear model and maneuver constraints. An optimal formulation was developed and then solved on a receding horizon using direct multiple shooting solutions; this is implemented using an open-source ACADO code. Numerical simulation results were performed in a real-case scenario. The results indicate that the implementation of such a controller is possible in real time, in different highway merge situations.

This study proposes a new averaged model for steady‐state and dynamic response analysis of the electric spring (ES). The accuracy of steady‐state and dynamic behaviour of the ES is demonstrated. Further, the dynamic behaviour of the proposed model is described as a function of the modulating signal. The developed model is used to design a controller for bus voltage regulation in a distribution system with an intermittent renewable energy source. The ES controller design problem is formulated as an optimization problem with a time domain‐based objective function to reduce the time‐weighted voltage deviations using particle swarm optimization method. Different disturbances have been applied to verify the developed ES model accuracy including sudden changes in renewable source current and load variations. An experimental analysis is also performed with the detailed non‐linear switching model of the ES to verify its behaviour with that of the proposed averaged model. The characteristics and performance of ES are thoroughly investigated. The effectiveness of the developed model and the proposed controller design approach is demonstrated in terms of a significant improvement in the dynamic performance of the distribution system

Accurate power system monitoring plays a vital role in detection of supply problems within the supply grid. Of all parameters being monitored, rms based measurements are used to detect various voltage based events within the system. IEEE and IEC based standards utilize full cycle instantaneous samples repeated every half a cycle for the calculation of rms. These measurements are not without limitations especially for short duration variations. This paper proposes 4-instantaneous sample points sampled at 90 degrees apart (quadrature based rms) to estimate rms and further detect voltage events in real-time. The proposed method is experimentally tested and applied for voltage events monitoring using Labview FPGA CompactRio platform. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for estimating the signal rms value with less number of samples.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) have long been recognized as ideal clean and potentially available fuels for motor vehicles. However, some disadvantages of the two gaseous fuels such as lower energy density (kW/l) compared to gasoline, a loss of power in unmodified converted engines relative to gasoline and the current shortage of refueling stations hamper their widespread use. Additionally, engines with throttle-body gaseous fuel fumigation need longer cranking time and exhibit relatively slow response during transient engine operation. To alleviate the above shortcomings, a low cost dual-fuel system was developed. The prototype system uses a mixture of gaseous fuel (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) and gasoline to enhance fuel economy, drivability, and lower emissions. The two fuels can be mixed at any percentage depending on the customer's need. The system uses proven gaseous fuel system components to deliver gaseous fuel and the original equipment manufacturer's (OEM) fuel injection system to provide gasoline. The gasoline injectors trim the total fuel demand. The dual-fuel system is designed for easy implementation. Exhaust emissions and fuel economy of the gasoline baseline and the LPG/gasoline dual-fuel vehicle are presented. It was found that CO and HC emissions of the dual-fuel vehicle are lower than those of the gasoline baseline and LPG-dedicated baseline, and the NOx emissions are equal or slightly lower than that of the gasoline baseline. The fuel economy on gasoline equivalent energy basis of the dual-fuel vehicle is lower than that of the gasoline baseline and higher than the LPG-dedicated baseline vehicle.