Mariana Piana

Objetivo: avaliar os impactos da COVID-19 na saúde mental da comunidade acadêmica de uma instituição privada de ensino superior localizada no Noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, através do Questionário Geral de Saúde (QSG-12). Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal, analítico, quantitativo, de base populacional, realizado em uma Universidade do noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, localizada na cidade de Santo Ângelo. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de um instrumento de pesquisa composto por perguntas relacionadas ao perfil sociodemográfico, além da aplicação do QSG 12 para avaliação da psique dos indivíduos participantes. A coleta das informações se deu através do Google Formulários. Resultados: participaram da pesquisa 568 pessoas, a maioria alunos, dos quais parte considerável declarou ter sentido pelo menos um desconforto físico durante o isolamento, com predomínio de cansaço, insônia, dor e ansiedade. Ao QSG-12, mais da metade dos participantes relatou dificuldades de atenção, sono e controle de ansiedade, fato que evidencia os impactos da Pandemia na psique destes indivíduos. Ademais, houve um aumento considerável na utilização de medicações psicotrópicas como resposta a estes impasses. Conclusão: O estudo evidenciou que a comunidade universitária apresentou aspectos negativos como impactos do isolamento decorrente da COVID-19, os quais afetaram principalmente a saúde mental dos indivíduos. Sugere-se que novos estudos sejam realizados, haja visto que esta pesquisa possui limitações por encontrar-se dentro de um único ambiente.

This study aimed to development and the evaluation of the stability of different pharmaceutical bases containing the crude extract of Tabernaemontana catharinensis A. DC. (Apocynaceae). The vegetable material was registered in register in the National System for the Management of Genetic Heritage and Associated Traditional Knowledge, registration AB06FBA. The physical and chemical stability of two ointment distinct bases were studied through tests of organoleptic characteristics, ice-thawing cycle, pH determination, particle size determination and spreadability determination. In the analysis of organoleptic characteristics both ointments presented some modifications, but acceptable, at the end ice-thawing cyclo the vaseline ointment with extract presented a small separation of phases, already the hydrophilic ionic ointment with extract remained stable. In the pH analyzes oscillations in the values occurred, however both remained within the indicated ranges. The particle size analysis was steady during the period of the study, as well as the test of the spreadability, mainly in relation to hydrophilic ionic ointment with extract. Front to the results, is perceived that the hydrophilic ionic ointment one with extract if shows promising for new studies, on the other hand, must be rethink in the formularization of the vaseline ointment one with extract. Este estudo teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento e a avaliação da estabilidade de diferentes bases farmacêuticas contendo o extrato bruto de Tabernaemontana catharinensis A.DC. (Apocynaceae). O material vegetal foi cadastrado no Sistema Nacional de Gestão do Patrimônio Genético e do Conhecimento Tradicional Associado, cadastro AB06FBA. A estabilidade física e química de duas bases distintas de pomadas foi estudada através de testes de características organolépticas, ciclo gelo-degelo, determinação de pH, determinação do tamanho de partícula e determinação da espalhabilidade. Na análise das características organolépticas ambas pomadas apresentaram algumas modificações, porém aceitáveis, ao fim do ciclo gelo-degelo a pomada vaselinada com extrato apresentou uma pequena separação de fases, já a pomada iônica hidrofílica com extrato permaneceu estável. Nas análises de pH ocorreram oscilações nos valores, no entanto ambas permaneceram dentro das faixas indicadas. A análise granulométrica foi estável durante o período do estudo, assim como o teste da espalhabilidade, principalmente em relação a pomada iônica hidrofílica com extrato. Frente aos resultados, percebeu-se que a pomada iônica hidrofílica com extrato se mostra promissora para novos estudos, por outro lado, deve-se repensar na formulação da pomada vaselinada com extrato.

Http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236583413726 Scutia buxifolia é uma planta usada no tratamento de doenças cardíacas. No entanto, seus efeitos tóxicos no fígado são pouco conhecidos. Ratos Wistar (n=32) foram divididos em 4 grupos: controle e os tratados com 100, 200 e 400 mg do extrato aquoso liofilizado de S. buxifolia (EASB) / kg de peso corporal diariamente, durante 30 dias. O sangue dos animais foi coletado no 15º e 30º dia de experimento para a realização da dosagem de albumina sérica. As amostras foram centrifugadas a 3000 rpm durante 15 minutos. Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar os efeitos hepatotóxicos de EASB através do peso corporal, da massa úmida hepática e do conteúdo sérico de albumina. O EASB não altera os parâmetros analisados no presente estudo. Dessa forma, o extrato não foi tóxico nas doses usadas no ensaio. Descritores: Toxicologia; Plantas Medicinais.

American foulbrood (AFB) is a serious worldwide spreading disease in bees caused by Paenibacillus larvae. Plants extracts are known to decrease or inhibit the growth of these bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Calendula. officinalis, Cariniana domestica, and Nasturtium officinale extracts against the P. larvae and to evaluate the toxicity of the extracts in bees. In vitro activity against P. larvae of the extracts was evaluated by micro dilution method and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were also determined. The concentrations used in the toxicity test were established based on the MIC values and by the spraying application method. The P. larvae was susceptible to the evaluated crude extract of C. officinalis and N. officinale. To C. domestica, only the ethyl acetate (EtAc) fraction and n-butanol (BuOH) fractions had activity against P. larvae. Toxicity analysis in bees showed no toxicity for N. officinale crude extract and for C. domestica BuOH fraction during 15 days of treatment, however, some deaths of bees occurred during the first three days of treatment with C. officinalis and C. domestica EtAc fraction. The results with these species were firstly described and showed that N. officinale crude extract and C. domestica BuOH fraction both presented not toxic effects in the concentration tested by the spraying application method, and can be a useful alternative for treatment or prevention of AFB.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential positive effect of black grape juice (BGJ) on lipid peroxidation considering Total Body Irradiation (TBI) in Wistar rats. As a potential feasible means of evaluation in situ, blood serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were evaluated as a marker for heart damage from acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Twenty rats were divided into four groups, two of them being irradiated by gamma-rays from a Co-60 source. Animals were treated by gavage with 2 mL per day of BGJ or placebo for one week before and 4 days after 6 Gy whole body gamma-irradiation, when they were euthanasiated. LDH on serum and lipid peroxidation on heart tissue were evaluated. High concentration of metabolites from lipid peroxidation in heart, and high LDH level on serum were found only in gamma-irradiated group given placebo, mainly at the first 24 h after radiation. Phytochemical analysis of BGJ was performed by determining total phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins followed by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/DAD) analysis, which showed resveratrol as the major constituent. Results suggest that BGJ is a good protective candidate compound against heart damage from ARS and its effects suggest its use as a radiomodifier.

Vitex megapotamica (Sprengel) Moldenke belongs to the Verbenaceae family and is popularly known as “tarumã”. The antioxidant capacity of fractions and crude extract from the leaves of V. megapotamica were determined in this study through the capacity to remove reactive species and phenolic compounds were quantified in the various fractions. The IC₅₀ (DPPH) ranged from 14.17 ± 0.76 to 37.63 ± 0.98 µg/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction might contain the strongest lipid peroxidation inhibitory compounds with an IC₅₀ of 16.36 ± 5.09 µg/mL, being also the one with the highest content of polyphenols (522.4 ± 1.12 mg/g), flavonoids (220.48 ± 0.30 mg/g) and condensed tannins (3.86 ± 0.53 mg/g). Compounds quantified by HPLC/DAD in the crude extract and fractions were chlorogenic and rosmarinic acids. Higher dosages of the extracts were more effective in reducing levels of plasma protein carbonyls and were also shown to be able to remove reactive species by a 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay, reducing oxidative stress in all tested fractions. Results obtained indicated that V. megapotamica exhibits good potential to prevent diseases caused by the overproduction of free radicals and it might also be used as a potential source of natural antioxidant agents.

Nowadays there is an increase in the number of people taking herbals worldwide. Scutia buxifolia is used for the treatment of hypertension, but little is known about its action on liver. Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control and groups treated during 30 days with 100, 200 and 400 mg of lyophilized aqueous extract of S. buxifolia (SBSB)/kg of body weight. This study was planned to explore hepatotoxic effect of SBSB, which was assessed by serum transaminases (ALT and AST). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were determined in liver, along with thiols content (NPSH), catalase (CAT) activity and, superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. Histopathological studies of liver tissue were performed. Flavonoids and phenolics were quantified in SBSB by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC/DAD). We did not observe alterations on redox status (TBARS, NPSH, CAT and, SOD) in the control and experimental groups. An increase on AST activity was only observed at 200 mg of SBSB, whereas ALT score was not affected by SBSB. Moreover, no morphological alterations were observed on the hepatocytes, matching the analysed biochemical parameters. This way, we conclude that SBSB was not toxic.

Atenção farmacêutica é um modelo de prática farmacêutica que compreende atitudes, valores éticos, conhecimento científico, habilidades de comunicação e responsabilidades por parte do farmacêutico sobre a farmacoterapia, o uso racional de medicamentos e a prevenção de doenças. Para uma atenção farmacêutica adequada, o Farmacêutico dispõe de técnicas para realizar a dispensação dos medicamentos visando o entendimento do tratamento pelo paciente. Entre os principais medicamentos prescritos para o tratamento da acne, doença inflamatória crônica do folículo pilosebáceo, estão os antibióticos e os retinóides, cuja potência farmacológica está associada a importantes efeitos toxicológicos. Neste sentido, a orientação ao paciente no momento da dispensação, quanto ao uso correto do medicamento, contra-indicações, possíveis reações adversas e interações medicamentosas, serão extremamente importantes para garantir uma terapia segura e eficaz.