Song Tu

Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) are versatile materials with wide-ranging applications, yet the use of porous PILs for adsorbing perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has been scarcely reported. Herein, we report a series of imidazolium-based mesoporous PILs for the removal of PFASs through multiple interaction mechanisms. Among them, PDB-F, synthesized via free-radical copolymerization of divinylbenzene (DVB) and 3-(4,4,4-trifluorobutyl)-1-vinyl-1H-3-imidazolium bromide (F-VBIm) at a 1:1 mol ratio, exhibited an exceptional adsorption capacity (2471.7 mg/g at 25 °C) for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), ranking it among the most effective polymer-based adsorbents to date. Comprehensive structural characterization and performance studies revealed that the outstanding PFASs adsorption by PDB-F arises from the synergistic effects of electrostatic, hydrophobic, pore filling, and fluorophilic (F-F) interactions. Moreover, PDB-F demonstrated high efficacy in removing trace-level PFOA across different water matrices along with versatility for several common PFASs. Besides, PDB-F displayed good regeneration and remarkable reusability. This work offers valuable insights into the role of synergistic interactions in PFASs adsorption and lays the foundation for the rational design of high-performance adsorbents in the future.

Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are extensively employed as hole‐selective interlayers in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), yet their incomplete coverage and poor molecular ordering often induce interfacial defects and exacerbate non‐radiative recombination. To overcome these limitations, we developed a bulky methylthio‐functionalized carbazole‐based SAM, (2‐(3,6‐bis(bis(4‐(methylthio)phenyl)amino)‐9 H ‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid (S‐2PACz), and implemented a sequential co‐assembly strategy utilizing cysteine (Cys). In this tailored architecture, Cys is pre‐anchored via carboxyl groups, followed by the competitive adsorption of S‐2PACz via phosphonic acid anchoring, yielding a mixed Cys‐S‐2PACz monolayer. The size complementarity and cooperative anchoring facilitated denser molecular packing and improved ordering, while synergistic methylthio and thiol functionalities jointly passivated interfacial defects. Consequently, this strategy enhanced perovskite crystallization, optimized energy‐level alignment, and facilitated efficient hole extraction. Ultimately, PSCs incorporating Cys‐S‐2PACz achieved higher power conversion efficiency, reduced recombination losses, and demonstrated superior thermal, operational, and outdoor stability compared with devices based on single‐component SAMs. This work establishes competitive co‐assembly as an effective interfacial engineering strategy, providing a scalable route to tailored SAM architectures for high‐performance and durable p–i–n PSCs.

Molecular design strategies such as noncovalent conformational locks, self-assembly, and D-A molecular skeletons have been extensively used to devise efficient and stable hole transport materials. Nevertheless, most of the existing excellent examples involve only single or dual strategies, and triple strategies remain scarcely reported. Herein, we attempt to develop two quinoxaline-based hole transport materials (DQC-T and DQ-T-QD) through a triple strategy encompassing an S···N noncovalent conformational lock, D-A molecular skeletons, and self-assembly or conjugate engineering. The S···N noncovalent conformational lock formed by thiophene sulfur atoms and quinoxaline nitrogen atoms improves molecular planarity, further inducing the formation of high-quality perovskite films and enhancing hole transport ability; the asymmetric D-A molecular backbone endows the material with a larger dipole moment (μ = 5.80 D) to promote intramolecular charge transfer; and the carboxyl group, methoxy, and sulfur atom establish strong interactions between the NiO_x and perovskite layers, including self-assembly and defect passivation, which mitigates the occurrence of detrimental interfacial charge recombination and reactions. Thus, the 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid derivative DQC-T, featuring an asymmetric D-A molecular backbone, exhibits superiority in terms of good interface contact, hole extraction, and transport compared to DQ-T-QD with a D-A-π-A-D type structure. Naturally, the optimal power conversion efficiency of NiO_x/DQC-T-based p-i-n flexible perovskite solar cells is 18.12%, surpassing that of NiO_x/DQ-T-QD-based devices (16.67%) and NiO_x-based devices with or without DQC (a benzoic acid derivative without a noncovalent conformational lock) as co-HTMs (16.75% or 15.52%). Our results reflect the structure–performance relationship well, and provide a referable triple strategy for the design of new hole transport materials.

The π-conjugated system and the steric configuration of hole transport materials (HTMs) could greatly affect their various properties and the corresponding perovskite solar cells’ efficiencies. Here, a molecular engineering strategy of incorporating different amounts of p-methoxyaniline-substituted dibenzofurans as π bridge into HTMs was proposed to develop oligomer HTMs, named mDBF, bDBF, and tDBF. Upon extending the π-conjugation of HTMs, their HOMO energy levels were slightly deepened, significantly increasing the thermal stability and hole mobility. The incorporation of p-methoxyaniline bridges built one or two additional triphenylamine propeller structures, resulting in a denser film. Here, the tDBF-based n-i-p flexible perovskite solar cells createdchampion efficiency, giving a power conversion efficiency of 19.46%. And the simple synthesis and purification process of tDBF contributed to its low manufacturing cost in the laboratory. This work provided a reference for the development of low-cost and efficient HTMs.

The commercially available dimethomorph is a mixture of two isomers, among which Z‐ dimethomorph has an excellent control effect against oomycetes, while E‐dimethomorph has less fungicidal activity. Therefore, in this paper, a series of novel benzofuran‐modified cinnamamide derivatives were designed and synthesized by “fixing” the cis‐styrene group in Z‐dimethomorph with benzofuran group. And the modification of the molecular structure of cinnamamide compounds could be beneficial to improve its practical application performance. The synthesized products were evaluated for their antifungal activity against 7 strains of phytopathogenic fungi. It was found that the antifungal spectrum and fungicidal activities of some compounds were improved compared with the commercial fungicides dimethomorph and flumorph. Furthermore, for benzofuran‐modified cinnamamide derivatives, substituted bis ‐methoxy in the phenyl ring of cinnamate is crucial to inhibit Phytophthora infestans and Phytophthora dreschsleri .

Two novel metal-free organic dyes, TM-a and TM-b derived from triphenylamine have been successfully synthesized and characterized. These D-π-A sensitizers feature triphenylamine as an electron donor, fluorene and thiophene as π-bridges, and 2-cyanoacrylic acid as both an acceptor and an anchor. This architecture allows a deeper insight into the effect of modification of the properties of D-π-A sensitizers, which is beneficial to improve their performance of in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Both the TM-a and TM-b dyes displayed maximum absorption in the visible region at 457 and 454 nm, respectively. The DSSCs based on TM-a exhibited a superior photoelectric conversion efficiency, along with higher open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current (η 2.91%, VOC 657 mV, JSC 6.81 mA cm^–2, and FF 0.65). These results indicate that the dye, with triphenylamine as an electron donor and fluorene as a π-linker, is a highly promising candidate for efficient DSSC applications.

Dimethomorph is a kind of cinnamamide fungicide with high fungicidal activities for oomycete diseases. The commercially available dimethomorph is a mixture of two isomers, in which (Z)‐dimethomorph possessing higher activity and (E)‐dimethomorph possessing lower activity. Herein, we reported the design, synthesis and fungicidal activities of a series of novel indole‐modified cinnamamide derivatives, which used the indole group to ‘fix’ the cis‐styrene group in (Z)‐dimethomorph. The modification of the molecular structure of cinnamamide compounds could be beneficial to improve its practical application performance. Tested the fungicidal activities, it was found that compounds 8j, 9a, 9e, 9i and 9j showed excellent in vivo fungicidal activities (80–100 %) against Pseudoperonospora cubensis at a concentration of 100 mg L⁻¹, while dimethomorph and flumorph were noneffective. Moreover, parts of synthesized indole‐modified cinnamamide derivatives 8 (8a, 8c, 8d and 8j) and 9 (9c and 9j) exhibited the same in vivo fungicidal activities against Phytophthora infestans with dimethomorph or flumorph at a concentration of 50 mg L⁻¹ with 100 % inhibition. The biological assay results indicated that indole‐modified cinnamamide derivatives have promising applications in the prevention and treatment of Phytophthora infestans.