Jacques Cherblanc

Many bereaved persons who experience persistent yearning, a transformed sense of identity, and ongoing connection to the deceased, all at once, find themselves either pathologized by existing diagnostic frameworks or left without a conceptual language for what they are living. This article identifies a common root for the major debates surrounding the delimitation of Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD): the absence of a framework that treats the co-occurrence of loss and continuing presence as a constitutive structure of grief. Drawing on the concept of doluance, defined as the constitutive simultaneity of rupture and transformed presence in bereavement, the article evaluates the heuristic reach of this framework beyond its context of origin (Canada, COVID-19 pandemic). The analysis is developed through the close examination of four emblematic items from current PGD assessment instruments and outlines an empirical agenda whose initial hypotheses can be tested with existing datasets.

Gender differences in grief expression have been widely studied, yet findings remain inconsistent. Some research reports higher grief intensity in women, while others find no difference. Two possible explanations are: (a) the neglect of third variables interacting with gender, and (b) men and women follow distinct grief trajectories. This study employed an observational longitudinal design to examine both hypotheses using data from Canada, Belgium and Spain. A total of 1328 bereaved adults were assessed between two and five times at different post‐loss intervals. Sociodemographic, loss‐related, grief and psychopathological variables were collected. Linear mixed models identified predictors of grief symptomatology and compared trajectories by gender. Results revealed significant gender differences in grief intensity, even after adjusting for other variables. However, no significant interaction between gender and time was found, indicating that men and women differ in intensity but follow similar grief trajectories. These findings may reflect gendered emotional socialisation: women may be more socially conditioned toward introspection and verbalization, which are more readily detected by standard assessment tools. Conversely, men's grief expression may be underestimated by existing instruments. Methodologically, the underrepresentation of men in grief research and the reliance on tools built on narrow conceptualisations of grief limit generalizability.

The grieving process exhibits significant variability influenced by cultural and gender factors. Inconsistencies in gender and cultural differences may be explained by the overrepresentation of bereaved women in the samples. This study explores gender differences in grief and post-traumatic growth (PTG) across Belgium, Canada, and Spain. Utilizing a gender-matched controlled design, the study analyzed data from 244 men and 244 women. Each man was matched with a woman based on kinship with the deceased, delay since loss, and country. Participants completed the Traumatic Grief Inventory-Self Report and Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form. Results indicate that men reported significantly lower levels of grief symptoms and PTG compared to women, consistently across all three countries. These findings are discussed in relation to previous research suggesting that men exhibit more instrumental and avoidant grieving styles while women display more intuitive and expressive responses, and how results may be biased by self-report measures and recruitment.

Les politiques institutionnelles en équité, en diversité et en inclusion constituent des leviers essentiels pour favoriser l’inclusion en enseignement supérieur. Elles ne sont toutefois pas les seuls outils disponibles : d’autres types de politiques contribuent à faire des environnements universitaires des milieux bienveillants, inclusifs et sécuritaires. En effet, les politiques visant à prévenir les violences à caractère sexuel, les situations d’incivilité, de discrimination et de harcèlement, de même que les problèmes de santé physique et psychologique, sont susceptibles de contribuer au mieux-être des communautés. Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude qualitative menée au sein du Réseau de l’Université du Québec et ayant pour objectif d’analyser ces politiques.

Regular classes in outdoor education are gaining popularity worldwide, driven by their potential to enhance a wide range of educational outcomes. The aim of this scoping review is to establish the current state of knowledge about the effects of this form of teaching on academic achievement and its associated factors. Of the 2362 articles included in the corpus, 41 studies involving 10,453 students from preschool to college were analyzed to identify provenance, type of interventions, research design and outcomes. The analyses suggest that outdoor teaching appears to improve learning in sciences, reading, writing, social studies and mathematics. Outdoor teaching seems to support the development of various factors associated with academic achievement, including self-awareness, school climate, motivation and well-being. This leads us to conclude that, in the current state of knowledge, outdoor teaching is a promising pedagogical approach. However, further research is needed to identify and understand its long-term effects across a broader range of disciplines and for a broader range of competences.

La diversité en milieu universitaire est une richesse qui s'accompagne de défis significatifs, notamment en matière de santé mentale. Cette étude qualitative vise à explorer les perspectives d’informatrice et d’informateurs clés sur l'accès aux services de santé mentale dans un contexte universitaire. Pour y parvenir, 27 entrevues semi-dirigées ont été menées auprès de personnes cadres, employées et étudiantes. Prenant appui sur l’approche bioécologique, l’analyse thématique a permis d’identifier les facilitateurs et les obstacles d’accès aux services de santé mentale dans les milieux universitaires. Les principaux facilitateurs comprennent la diversité de l’offre de services, la proximité des services d’intervention, les qualités d’être des personnes intervenantes et la promotion des services disponibles. En revanche, les principaux obstacles incluent les barrières linguistiques, l’isolement, l’étalement géographique, la méconnaissance et la méfiance envers les services ainsi que la taille des institutions. Cette étude offre des pistes pour améliorer l'accès aux services de santé mentale en milieu universitaire et leur efficacité, en soulignant l'importance de stratégies inclusives et adaptées aux besoins diversifiés des personnes étudiantes.