Rishi Paliwal

Periodontitis is a chronic biofilm-mediated inflammatory disease that progressively destroys the gingiva, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Although scaling and root planing remain the cornerstone of care, incomplete pocket access, rapid microbial recolonization, and the limited residence time of many conventional local formulations can reduce therapeutic effectiveness. The development of in-situ gelling drug delivery systems, administered as low-viscosity liquids that transform within periodontal pockets into mucoadhesive gels, improves retention, prolongs drug contact time, provides sustained site-specific release, and reduces systemic exposure. In this review, we summarize the rationale for localized therapy in the context of periodontal disease and outline the design space of periodontal in-situ gels. Additionally, thermosensitive, pHresponsive, ion-activated, solvent exchange, enzymatically crosslinked, photosensitive, and multi-responsive platforms are compared. The polymer selection and concentration govern injectability, gelation trigger and time, mechanical integrity, biodegradation, and diffusion-controlled release behavior, with commonly used matrices including chitosan, poloxamers, carbomers, sodium alginate, gellan gum, carrageenan, HPMC, and Eudragit-based systems. We highlight representative formulations delivering antimicrobials, antiseptics, and anti-inflammatory agents, as well as herbal extract-loaded gels. Key evaluation parameters relevant to periodontal pockets are also discussed, together with translational considerations reflected in patents, early clinical investigations, and marketed products. Future directions that integrate multifunctional responsiveness with regenerative cues, including growth factor- or cell-compatible gels and advanced manufacturing approaches such as 3D bioprinting and in-situ bio-fabrication, aimed at personalized periodontal tissue repair and durable control of inflammation are urgently needed.

Background: The drumstick tree, Moringa oleifera Lam. (family Moringaceae), is known as a magical plant due to its broad pharmacological activities. Traditionally, the leaves of this plant are used for anti-inflammatory action. However, the compounds in Moringa oleifera leaves and their mechanism that show anti-arthritic potential are unknown. Methods: In this study, a preliminary phytochemical investigation of Moringa oleifera leaves eth-anolic extract was conducted using qualitative analysis followed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to determine the constituents in the extracts. Results: The results indicated the presence of various phytochemical compounds (about 316). Out of these, about 16 compounds were identified that covered 54.63 % of the total ethanolic extract. A molecular docking study was further performed using selected two compounds i.e. 3, 7, 11, 15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol and neophytadiene and different targets proteins MMP9 (1L6J), PGE2 (1Z9H), TLR-1-TLR-2 (2Z80), COX-II (3NT1 and 5F19), iNOS (3NW2), HtrA1 (3TJO), JAK-1 (4K6Z), MCSF (5LXF) and TLR-4 (5NAO). Later on, an online tool was used to perform ADME/T analysis of the identified compounds. The DPPH and ABTS assay confirmed the strong potential of this extract for antioxidant activity, which correlates with anti-arthritic potential. Conclusion: Based on molecular docking, the mechanism for these compounds for the anti-arthritic activity of these magical plant leaves was identified. It is concluded from the study that Moringa oleifera leaves ethanolic extract have potential compounds that may be used to develop more ef-fective formulations for better therapeutic exercise against inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.

The nanostructured drug-delivery systems for colon-targeted drug delivery are a promising field of research for localized diseases particularly influencing the colonic region, in other words, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and colorectal cancer. There are various drug-delivery approaches designed for effective colonic disease treatment, including stimulus-based formulations (enzyme-triggered systems, pH-sensitive systems) and magnetically driven drug-delivery systems. In addition, targeted drug delivery by means of overexpressed receptors also offers site specificity and reduces drug resistance. It also covers GI tract-triggered emulsifying systems, nontoxic plant-derived nanoformulations as advanced drug-delivery techniques as well as nanotechnology-based clinical trials toward colonic diseases. This review gives insight into advancements in colon-targeted drug delivery to meet site specificity or targeted drug-delivery requirements.

Background: Pharmacovigilance (PV) deals with the detection, collection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects associated with drugs. The objective of PV is to ensure the safety of the medicines and patients by monitoring and reporting all adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with prescribed medicine usage. Findings have indicated that about 0.2- 24% of hospitalization cases are due to ADRs, of which 3.7% of patients have lethal ADRs. The reasons include the number of prescribed drugs, an increased number of new medicines in the market, an inadequate PV system for ADR monitoring, and a need for more awareness and knowledge about ADR reporting. Severe ADRs lead to enhanced hospital stays, increased treatment costs, risk of death, and many medical and economic consequences. Therefore, ADR reporting at its first instance is essential to avoid further harmful effects of the prescribed drugs. In India, the rate of ADR reporting is less than 1%, whereas worldwide, it is 5% due to a need for more awareness about PV and ADR monitoring among healthcare providers and patients. The main objective of this review is to highlight the current scenario and possible futuristic ways of ADR reporting methods in rural areas of India. We have searched the literature using PubMed, Google scholar, Indian citation index to retrieve the resources related to ADR monitoring and reporting in India's urban and rural areas. Spontaneous reporting is the most commonly used PV method to report ADRs in India's urban and rural areas. Evidence revealed that no effective ADR reporting mechanisms developed in rural areas causing underreporting of ADR, thus increasing the threat to the rural population. Hence, PV and ADR reporting awareness among healthcare professionals and patients, telecommunication, telemedicine, use of social media and electronic medical records, and artificial intelligence are the potential approaches for prevention, monitoring, and reporting of ADRs in rural areas.

Aims: To develop an estrone-targeted d-alpha-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS)-based liposomal system for enhanced intracellular delivery of doxorubicin (DOX). Materials & method... Plain language summary Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective chemotherapy drug to treat breast cancer. However, DOX can cause unwanted side effects such as damage to the heart. This is due to side effe... Tweetable abstract An estrone-d-alpha-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) conjugation followed by the engineering of estrone- and TPGS-decorated doxorubicin-loaded liposomes (DOX-L... Graphical abstract