Marcus Henrique Martins e Silva

The objectives of this study were to investigate the transfer of micronutrients and toxic elements from the environment to animals and food and to obtain information about trace element levels in pasture-based animal production systems. Samples of soil, grass, nutritional supplements, and blood were obtained from different farms in the southern Amazon, Brazil. In addition, samples of muscle, kidney, and liver were obtained from various markets in the same region. All samples were analyzed to determine the concentrations of several elements: Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Se, Co, Mo, Ni, Cr, Pb, As, Cd, and Hg. Low concentrations of these elements were detected in soil and grass samples. Deficient or excessive concentrations of several micronutrients were detected in the nutritional supplements. Marginal Se deficiencies were identified in cattle blood. Meat products had low concentrations of Pb, As, Cd, and Hg and were considered rich sources of micronutrients, particularly of Fe, Zn, Se, and Cr in the muscle, Cu and Mo in the liver, and Se in the kidney. Information about the levels of micronutrients and toxic elements in animal production systems, such as pasture-based systems, can support strategies that promote sustainable farming and environmental, animal, and human health.

Inadequate management of pasture soils in the Amazon has resulted in a predominance of degraded pastures. Considering the natural characteristics of this region can favor more appropriate strategies for sustainability, the objective of this study was to evaluate the differences in the chemical and physical attributes of pasture and forest soils in the Southern Amazon and to identify the most sensitive attributes of their fertility. Additionally, this study suggests appropriate management practices for sustainable pastures. Soil samples from the 0 to 0.20 m layer were analyzed to determine pH, exchangeable bases (calcium, magnesium, and potassium), exchangeable aluminum, potential acidity, phosphorus, organic carbon, bulk density, and texture. Pasture soils had a higher pH, calcium content, and bulk density than forest soils. However, the pasture soils had lower phosphorus and organic matter content. The soil organic carbon stocks were also lower in pasture soils, with levels 0.8 to 12 Mg ha^-1 lower than in forest soils. The fertility attributes most sensitive to soil management in these pastures were phosphorus, pH, organic carbon, and bulk density. The lack of nutrients and soil and water conservation practices have contributed to the degradation of these pastures. Therefore, the recommended management for these pastures should aim to improve the organic matter content, reduce compaction, and replenish and cycle nutrients.

O cultivo de castanha-do-pará (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) em sistemas homogêneos tende a se tornar cada vez mais importante, especialmente em razão da valorização comercial das amêndoas. Os cerambicídeos possuem grande importância econômica para o setor florestal, já que ocasionam danos aos produtos florestais, o que torna relevante avançar na compreensão destas coleobrocas em plantios homogêneos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de cerambicídeos em plantio homogêneo de castanha-do-pará no Norte de Mato Grosso. O levantamento foi realizado com 12 armadilhas etanólicas, distribuídas em uma área de 28 ha. Após as coletas em campo, durante quatro períodos de amostragem entre os anos de 2018-2019, os dados de identificação das espécies foram tabulados e realizada análise quantitativa. Foram amostrados 28 indivíduos distribuídos em seis espécies, sendo Trachyderes succinctus e Chlorida festiva as mais representativas. O baixo número de espécies amostradas pode ter sido influenciado pelo método de amostragem, o qual foi baseado em um único tipo de armadilha. De todo modo, registros de Cerambycidae em plantios homogêneos de castanha-do-pará demonstram a importância do monitoramento de coleobrocas para o embasamento de estratégias de manejo integrado de pragas, visando à sustentabilidade da produção.

Bamboo (Bambusa sp.) is a grass species with high potential for exploitation, however, this raw material is easily attacked by xylophagous agents such as Coleoptera. The objective of this study is thus to analyse the presence of wood-boring beetles associated with Bambusa sp. in Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The study was carried out in a bamboo plantation, from August 2016 to July 2017. Two models of ethanolic traps were used, PET Santa Maria and ESALQ-84. Three families of wood-boring beetles were observed in this study: Bostrichidae, Cerambycidae and Curculionidae. 2,144 individuals were identified, belonging to 19 species, in four subfamilies and 11 tribes, and the species Xyleborus affinis was the most frequently collected. Thus, this study constitutes an important contribution to the knowledge of coleoborers associated with bamboo plantations, with the registration of the occurrence of species, as well as contributing to the knowledge of the entomofauna associated with species cultivated in the Southern Amazon.

The objective was to investigate the context, approach and research topics present in the papers that analysed trace elements in beef cattle to identify gaps and scientific perspectives for the sustainable management of trace elements in livestock. The main research groups came from the United States, Spain, Japan, Brazil, India and Slovakia, which represented 31% of the papers produced. Only 37% of studies addressed aspects that integrated animal, environmental and human health. The reviewed papers concerned 56 elements and 15 bovine tissues (Cu, Zn, Pb, liver, muscle and kidney highlighted). The main gaps were (1) lack of research in developing countries, (2) the need to understand the impact of different environmental issues and their relationship to the conditions in which animals are raised, and (3) the need to understand the role of many trace elements in animal nutrition and their relationship to environmental and human health. Finally, we highlight possible ways to expand knowledge and provide innovations for broad emerging issues, primarily through expanding collaborative research networks. In this context, we suggest the adoption of the One Health approach for planning further research on trace elements in livestock. Moreover, the One Health approach should also be considered for managers and politicians for a sustainable environmental care and food safety.

Carlinda é um dos principais produtores de maracujá de Mato Grosso, mas apesar das condições edafoclimáticas favoráveis, a falta de informações a respeito dos aspectos socioeconômicas e técnico-produtivos dificultam a elaboração de estratégias eficazes para o aprimoramento da cadeia produtiva. Assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar o diagnóstico socioprodutivo dos sistemas de produção de maracujá no contexto da agricultura familiar em Carlinda. A coleta de dados se deu com visitas técnicas em 21 unidades de produção e entrevistas com 19 produtores. Os dados foram tabulados e realizada análise quantitativa bem como com a integração do geoprocessamento. De maneira geral, os sistemas apresentam como características tecnológicas: uso de adubação convencional, irrigação e fertirrigação e manejo de pragas, doenças e plantas daninhas com uso principalmente de agrotóxicos. O principal canal de comercialização é a cooperativa local, o que demonstra o nível de organização social e produtiva da atividade. Ademais, os principais fatores limitantes identificados estão associados à falta de assistência técnica, alta demanda de mão-de-obra para os tratos culturais e manejo de adubação. O diagnóstico permitiu evidenciar a necessidade de ações interinstitucionais públicas e privadas para o fortalecimento e sustentabilidade da cadeia de produção, frente às limitações e potencialidades identificadas.

Brazil nut is one of the most important species of the Amazon due to its socioeconomic importance. Especially in homogeneous production systems, it may be susceptible to damage by wood-boring insects, as by the subfamily Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae); thus, inadequate management conditions can cause economic damage. Therefore, the objective of the present work is to evaluate the occurrence of wood-boring insects (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in native and homogeneous systems of Brazil nut in the Meridional Amazonian, Brazil. The study was conducted in three environments: Brazil Nut Native Anthropized, Homogeneous Brazil Nut and Brazil Nut Native Preserved. Twelve ethanol (96° GL) traps were installed in each environment during four sampling periods. The data were submitted to entomofaunistic analysis, Pearson´s correlation analysis and cluster analysis. A total of 2,243 individuals from 31 species were sampled, of which 23 were from the Brazil Nut Native Anthropized nut, 24 from the Homogeneous Brazil Nut and 26 from the Brazil Nut Native Preserved. Some species are restricted to a specific environment, such asCorthylocurus vernaculusWood & Bright, 1992 andXyleborus biconicusEggers, 1928, in relation to Brazil Nut Native Anthropized,Xyleborus tolimanusEggers, 1928 that occurred only in Homogeneous Brazil Nut andCorthylus antennariusSchedl andHypothenus bolivianusWood & Bright, 1992 verified only in Brazil Nut Native Preserved. In the faunistic analysis, we highlight the speciesXyleborus affinis(Eichhoff, 1868), which was the most representative one in the three environments and a super-dominant species in all four sampling periods. Among the species considered indicator due to their high representativeness in the sampling, onlyPremnobius cavipennisEichhoff, 1878 showed a significant negative correlation between its abundance and the minimum temperature for environments Homogeneous Brazil Nut and Brazil Nut Native Preserved. There was a greater similarity between the Brazil Nut Native Anthropized and the Brazil Nut Native Preserved; these two environments showed dissimilarity with the Homogeneous Brazil Nut. Monitoring wood-boring insects in Brazil nut agroecosystems is fundamental for the establishment of integrated pest management strategies.

Plantios homogêneos de Castanha-do-Pará na região Norte de Mato Grosso apresentam elevado potencial, devido às características edafoclimáticas locais e à importância econômica dessa espécie florestal. Nesse aspecto, estudar a ocorrência de térmitas e sua distribuição espacial em plantios homogêneos de Castanha-do-Pará torna-se de extrema relevância, tendo em vista a carência de estudos entomológicos para esses cultivos, bem como para subsidiar informações técnicas acerca da dinâmica desses insetos nesses ambientes. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência e a distribuição espacial de térmitas subterrâneos em um plantio homogêneo de Castanha-do-Pará no Norte de Mato Grosso. O estudo foi desenvolvido em um plantio homogêneo de 28 ha, com aproximadamente 16 anos de idade, onde se estabeleceu amostragem em gride com 40 pontos amostrais. Em cada ponto amostral foram instaladas iscas celulósicas inseridas no solo a 20 cm de profundidade, as quais permaneceram em campo por 40 dias. Foram identificados dois gêneros de térmitas, Heterotermes e Nasutitermes, e um total de 1.405 indivíduos, sendo 396 (28,1%) pertencentes ao gênero Nasutitermes, e 1.009 (71,8%) à espécie Heterotermes tenuis. O padrão de distribuição espacial dos térmitas no castanhal é do tipo agregado. A ocorrência da espécie Heterotermes tenuis no plantio homogêneo de Castanha-do-Pará deve ser avaliada com atenção, visto que essa espécie pode se tornar potencial praga na região.

Brazil nut is one of the most important species of the Amazon due to its socioeconomic importance. Especially in homogeneous production systems, it may be susceptible to damage by wood-boring insects, as by the subfamily Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae); thus, inadequate management conditions can cause economic damage. Therefore, the objective of the present work is to evaluate the occurrence of wood-boring insects (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in native and homogeneous systems of Brazil nut in the Meridional Amazonian, Brazil. The study was conducted in three environments: Conserved Native Planting nut, Anthropized Native Planting nut and Homogeneous Planting nut. Twelve ethanol traps were installed in each environment during four sampling periods. The data were submitted to entomofaunistic analysis, Pearson’s correlation analysis and cluster analysis. A total of 2,243 individuals from 31 species were sampled, of which 23 were from the Anthropized Native Planting nut, 24 from the Homogeneous Planting nut and 26 from the Conserved Native Planting nut. In the faunistic analysis, we highlight the species Xyleborus affinis (Eichhoff, 1868), which was the most representative one in the three environments and a super-dominant species in all four sampling periods. There was a greater similarity between the Anthropized Native Planting nut and the Conserved Native Planting nut; these two environments showed dissimilarity with the Homogeneous Planting nut. Monitoring coleoborers in Brazil nut agroecosystems is fundamental for the establishment of integrated pest management strategies.