Yingbin Feng

空间商品化为解析乡村物质空间转型与社会关系变迁的内在机制提供了关键视角。论文通过构建“空间商品化—乡村要素重组—社会空间重构”分析框架，以贵州省遵义市花茂村为例，综合运用半结构访谈、参与式观察等方法，系统探讨空间商品化下乡村社会空间重构的过程、机制与模式。研究发现：① 花茂村空间商品化以耕地、宅基地为核心载体，以红色文化、陶艺技艺等非物质资源为延伸载体，依托政府、市场和社会力量的阶段化博弈及协同实现了多元资源的消费转化，其本质是乡村空间资源在多元主体互动下的价值重塑与功能转型；② 花茂村社会空间重构与空间商品化阶段深度耦合，历经初期的社会关系固化、政策引导下初步转型、市场激活下多元分化以及协同共治下融合共生等阶段，各阶段在主体构成、关系网络与文化形态上呈现显著差异；③ 空间商品化是花茂村社会空间重构的核心驱动力，通过“产权重组—利益分配—文化整合”链式传导，推动物质空间功能复合、社会主体多元分化与文化空间外向转型，形成“政府规划引领+市场资本激活+村社组织协同+村民主体参与”的多元协同模式，塑造出兼具经济活力与社会凝聚力的乡村社会空间。明确空间商品化阶段性作用逻辑与要素重组的传导路径，可为乡村社会空间优化、建设宜居宜业和美乡村提供借鉴参考。

Cropland abandonment (CA) is a critical environmental issue globally, with balancing food security and ecological protection vital for sustainable development. This study explores CA behavior differences and drivers between out-of-poverty farming households (OPFHs) and non-poverty farming households (NPFHs) in China′s mountainous areas, using stepwise regression on survey data from 321 households in Liping County, Guizhou. The results show that: (1) The differences in CA behaviors between the two types of farming households are mainly reflected at the farmer level and the plot level. Plot integrity is a common influencing factor of CA areas for both types of farming households. (2) The driving factors affecting the area of CA by OPFHs also include the average age of the labor force, the proportion of the resident population in the total household registration population, and plot type, while the drivers affecting the area of CA by NPFHs include per capita income, non-agricultural income, per capita cropland area, and commuting time. (3) The differences in CA behavior and its driving factors between OPFHs and NPFHs in mountainous areas are characterized by diversity and interaction. Based on the results of the study, we propose the management of farming households and cropland, which can contribute to rural revitalization in China and the world, to a certain extent.

【目的】对耕地和宅基地利用转型耦合开展特征识别、格局判断与机制响应探究，是研究土地利用转型复杂关联特征和多重因果问题的关键一环，也是土地系统亟须解决的科学问题。【方法】运用文献资料收集方法，梳理耕地和宅基地利用转型耦合在空间生产中的发展阶段、特征与格局变化，系统分析空间生产视角下耕地和宅基地利用转型耦合的影响因素，并尝试构建驱动机制框架，探讨调控策略与应用方向。【结果】通过从显性、隐性形态分析耕地和宅基地利用转型耦合的要素变化特征，结合自然资源、乡村发展、功能变化等因素进行格局划分，考量自然、社会、经济、文化、生态“五位一体”影响因素，构建了远程耦合视角下的耕地和宅基地利用转型耦合机制框架，并提出了调控策略的思路。整体上形成了空间生产视角下，耕地和宅基地利用转型耦合“特征识别—格局判断—机制响应”的研究框架。【结论】今后关于耕地和宅基地利用转型耦合的研究应聚焦隐性形态的定量测度，从系统的观点出发，量化远程耦合视角下发送、接收、外溢系统之间的多重嵌套关系及效应，以及探索乡村振兴、农业农村现代化的土地利用转型发展路径与调控模式。

Telecoupling interregional resource interaction based on cultivated land grain production (CLGP) plays a crucial role in ensuring national food security and advancing sustainable socio-environmental and economic development. Based on the provincial panel data of 31 administrative regions in China from 1990 to 2020, we used the spatial and temporal evolution of CLGP and the global Moran index to detect the spatial correlation of CLGP among the provinces in China; we adopted the SDM to study the telecoupling effect of CLGP among the provinces in China and decompose the effect, enabling us to propose policy recommendations for enhancing the telecoupling effect among the provinces. The results are as follows: (1) China’s inter-provincial CLGP has shown an increasingly strong telecoupling effect over time, further validating the scientific nature of China’s grain production pattern. (2) Cultivated land, irrigation area, the number of agricultural employees, the power of agricultural machinery, the proportion of grain sown, and total grain production have positive “flow” effects on spatial teleconnections between provinces and regions. (3) In terms of the total telecoupling effect, the most significant factor affecting CLGP is the ratio of the area sown with grain to the total area sown with crops. Meanwhile, the area of cultivated land in each region, the irrigated area, the agricultural labor force, the agricultural machinery total power, and the percentage of grain sowing in each region have the most direct telecoupling effect on CLGP. The conduct of the study further fleshes out the empirical research on interregional resource telecoupling linkages arising from resource deployment and utilization.

【目的】通过探讨山区典型村域耕地边际化演变过程、发展阶段及驱动因子，进一步凝练耕地边际化特征及机理，为广泛山区耕地利用与农业可持续发展提供借鉴与支撑。【方法】本文基于2000—2020年贵州省六盘水市舍烹村及猴场村641份农户调查问卷，通过构建耕地边际化评价指标体系，引入耕地边际化发展强度、耕地边际化贡献率及耕地边际化阶段识别方法，探讨村域间的耕地边际化演变过程、阶段特征及驱动因素。【结果】①耕地边际化包含显性层面的地类用途转移和隐性层面的要素投入变化，完整的发展过程应由初始期、发展期、渐变期及趋稳期组成，其发展速率及阶段特征受到宏微观因素的综合影响；②研究期内舍烹村与猴场村的耕地边际化呈现指数逐渐上升但强度逐渐下降趋势，前者整体耕地边际化指数略低于后者，随着时间推移，隐性边际化构成了其耕地利用变化的主要内容；③耕地流转行为和劳动力特征对城乡融合型村域的耕地边际化起主导作用，耕地利用条件和资源禀赋对于传统农业型村域的耕地边际化产生显著影响。【结论】山区耕地边际化有着自然因素及社会经济演变的必然趋势，城乡融合型村域应通过持续的农地制度创新、整合村域发展要素等举措建立粮食与生态安全间的适度平衡；传统农业型村域应通过强化政策扶持引导、优化农业产业结构等策略合理应对耕地边际化趋势。

耕地边际化的诊断识别对于建立山区粮食与生态安全间的适度平衡具有重要意义。论文基于边际化类型划分及传统诊断思路，尝试构建“时间诊断—显隐交互—空间分布”的综合分析框架，以“三变”改革^①(① “三变”改革指“资源变资产、资金变股金、农民变股东”，旨在激活农村资源资产，增加农民收入。)发源地贵州省六盘水市舍烹村为例，采用标准差椭圆、核密度等空间分析方法，探究不同类型耕地边际化的时空分布情况及特征。研究表明：耕地边际化时间上可以“纯收益”年际变化作为关键指标进行诊断，空间上能以耕地向其他地类转移趋势进行表达；2000—2020年间舍烹村耕地出现了两次明显的边际化现象，分别出现在2013—2014年与2016—2017年，后者程度较深；2010—2015年期间舍烹村耕地边际化显隐交互特征最为明显，显性特征中耕地物理、自然及经济边际化分别发生了7.13、0.99、33.27 hm²，隐性特征中边际化程度在“三变”改革前后呈现相互融合、交替变化特征。研究围绕“粮食安全—经济发展—生态保护”思路提出政策建议，可为促进山区耕地保护及可持续利用提供对策参考。

The spatial restructuring of rural settlements is conducive to the realization of rural transition and development. This study constructed a “point-line-surface” framework for the spatial reconstruction of the homestead in a typical mountain village and used the weighted Voronoi diagram and buffer analysis method to analyze. The results are as follows. (1) The development capacity of rural homesteads in Longfeng Village was divided into three levels: high, medium, and low. Among them, the high-level homesteads clustered in the north and south of the village in the form of a “T” and a long strip, respectively; the medium-level homesteads are mostly aggregated in the middle of the village; the low-level homesteads are mainly distributed along the Fenghuang Mountain. (2) The layout of homesteads in Longfeng Village was axis-oriented, which is manifested by the number and scale being in a gradient-decreasing pattern with the main road axis as the centerline. (3) According to the principle of “maximum” development capacity of the homestead, nine reconstruction units are divided. By calculating the location entropy, it is found that the dominant functions of each reconstruction unit mainly include supporting life services, operational production, ecological agricultural production, and traditional agricultural production, and there are obvious differences in the development patterns of homesteads in different functional units. (4) Based on the “point-line-surface” characteristics of the homestead, four reconstruction modes, namely, modern community type, field and garden integration type, road-pointing type, and traditional residential type, are summarized, and the reconstruction strategies are proposed accordingly. The “point-line-surface” framework of rural settlements is of practical significance and theoretical value, which can provide a decision-making reference for the optimization and reorganization of residential land space in villages of the same type in mountain areas. Moreover, the integrated and innovative framework proposed in the paper has also international significance, thanks to the possibility of replicating the research strategy and methodological approach in other contexts.

Non-Grain Production is verycommon to see in many areas in China, which threatens food security. To understand the spatio-temporal characteristics of NGP is helpful in mitigating it. This study has applied a new approach to measure the NGP rate. Results show that, the NGP rate reached the peak of 1.49 in 2003 across the 20 selected years. Moreover, the NGP rate was revealed to be higher in the north and the east compared to the south and the west. Additionally, the NGP rate is shown to move from north to south with a total of 68.78 km whenapplying the centroid migration model. The patterns of NGP are shown usingspatial heterogeneity: the high-high agglomeration pattern was revealed mainly in the north, while there are less provinces of this pattern as time goes by. In addition, the Theil index of the NGP rate indicates that the equity of NGP remains at a low level in the first ten years and getslarger and larger in the later ten years.