Vidal Augusto Zapparoli Castro Melo

Global vaccine revenues are projected at $59.2 billion, yet large-scale vaccine distribution remains challenging for many diseases in countries around the world. Poor management of the vaccine supply chain can lead to a disease outbreak, or at worst, a pandemic. Fortunately, a large number of those challenges, such as decision-making for optimal allocation of resources, vaccination strategy, inventory management, among others, can be improved through optimization approaches. This work aims to understand how optimization has been applied to vaccine supply chain and logistics. To achieve this, we conducted a rapid review and searched for peer-reviewed journal articles, published between 2009 and March 2020, in four scientific databases. The search resulted in 345 articles, of which 25 unique studies met our inclusion criteria. Our analysis focused on the identification of article characteristics such as research objectives, vaccine supply chain stage addressed, the optimization method used, whether outbreak scenarios were considered, among others. Approximately 64% of the studies dealt with vaccination strategy, and the remainder dealt with logistics and inventory management. Only one addressed market competition (4%). There were 14 different types of optimization methods used, but control theory, linear programming, mathematical model and mixed integer programming were the most common (12% each). Uncertainties were considered in the models of 44% of the studies. One resulting observation was the lack of studies using optimization for vaccine inventory management and logistics. The results provide an understanding of how optimization models have been used to address challenges in large-scale vaccine supply chains.

Esse trabalho tem por objetivo propor uma sistemática de rastreamento de armamentos. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto neste estudo, optou-se pela realização de pesquisa em bases de dados e documentos referentes a armamentos de polícia e Forças Armadas, bem como busca sobre Internet das Coisas (IoT) e Sistema de Identificação por Radiofrequência (RFID). As análises foram realizadas com base na correlação da literatura encontrada com a proposta do estudo de se viabilizar o rastreamento de armamentos. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o rastreamento de armamentos irá contribuir para a segurança e controle na aquisição de armamentos desde a sua confecção até a distribuição para o local-fim. A partir do momento em que se sabe que o Sistema RFID permite a identificação precisa de objetos e encaminhamento dessas informações para um banco de dados armazenado na Internet ou num servidor remoto, o estudo contribui não só para propor uma forma de rastreabilidade de armamentos, como também para gerar novas ideias e melhorias nessa seara, contribuindo ainda para a segurança mundial.