Sergio Antonio Lopes Gusmão

The cultivation of jambu (Acmella oleracea) is widely spread in the Amazon region, primarily due to its use in cuisine, pharmaceutical industry, and cosmetics. The cultivation is predominantly carried out by family farming, using animal manure for fertilization. Biofertilizers and aquaculture effluents are increasingly available on rural properties and, while they can become environmental pollutants, they also present an excellent alternative for crop fertilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of aquaculture effluent and biofertilizer on the yield of jambu (A. oleracea). The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Castanhal, Pará, in a completely randomized experimental design with six treatments: T1 - well water without fertilization (control); T2 - aquaculture effluent; T3 - 25% biofertilizer diluted in water; T4 - 50% biofertilizer diluted in water; T5 - 75% biofertilizer diluted in water; and T6 - 100% biofertilizer, with four replications. Parameters evaluated included fresh and dry mass of leaves, stems, inflorescences, and roots, proportions between plant organs, and yield. The main results showed that the 75% biofertilizer concentration treatment achieved the highest values for fresh leaf mass (195.06 g) and stem mass (383.33 g). The obtained values indicate that, considering the characteristics of the biofertilizer and soil used, it is advantageous to use concentrations above 50%. The use of undiluted biofertilizer negatively affects jambu production.

O jambu é uma planta de grande importância econômica no Norte do Brasil em função do seu uso gastronômico, medicinal e, atualmente, de grande interesse para a indústria de cosméticos. Entretanto, ainda são incipientes os estudos direcionados para os aspectos da nutrição desta cultura. Assim, objetivou-se testar neste trabalho o uso de biofertilizante à base de esterco de caprino em cobertura sobre o crescimento e a produção do jambu. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 4x4, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de proporções água: biolíquido, identificados como: 1:1, 2:1 e 3:1, e um tratamento controle (sem fertilização) combinadas com quatro datas de avaliação (7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após o transplantio-DAT). Foram avaliados o comprimento e massa fresca da parte aérea, massa fresca de folhas e a produtividade. Com base nos resultados, observou-se que a aplicação do biofertilizante em cobertura influenciou o crescimento e a produção do jambu ao longo do período de coleta, destacando-se às formulações com maior proporção de biofertilizante avaliadas aos 28 DAT. Desta forma, as adubações com biofertilizante em cobertura promove e pode ser considerada uma importante estratégia de adubação para o cultivo do jambu.

The aim of this study was to establish the best concentrations of growth regulators for in vitro cultivation of jambu for a subsequent elaboration of an efficient micropropagation protocol. After sterilized, the seeds were inoculated on different media (MS, ½MS and water-agar) for in vitro germination. Nodal segments of in vitro germinated jambu seedlings were used as explants in the micropropagation with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.0; 0.125; 0.25; 0.50 and 0.75 mg L^-1) and callus induction with 2.4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.4-D) (0.0; 0.25; 0.50; 0.75 and 1.0 mg L^-1) on Murashige & Skoog’s (MS) medium. The highest germination rates were obtained on MS medium with better seedling development and greater height (3.7cm). In micropropagation, the best treatment was obtained on 0.125 BAP (T2), with an average of 2.2 sprouts/explant, average height of 2.4 cm and vigorous sprouts. In callus induction, all treatments with 2.4-D had developed friable calluses in 30 days and using doses of 0.25 and 0.50 mg L^-1 provided greater fresh matter. The induction of friable callus and the root production occur without supplementation of exogenous growth regulator.

Acmella oleracea is a herbaceous plant native to the Amazon region that is currently arousing industrial interest due to its potential gastronomic, cosmetic and pharmaceutical uses. Accordingly, the objective of the current study was to test the influence of temperatures on A. oleracea seed germination and seedling vigor. A completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and five replicates was used. Treatments consisted of temperatures: 23, 26, 29, 32 and 35 ºC. The study was conducted in BODtype climate chambers with relative humidity above 90% and a 12 h photoperiod. Germination, germination speed index (GSI), average germination time, root length and number of normal and abnormal seedlings were recorded. Temperature influenced all analyzed variables, except average germination time and number of normal/abnormal seedlings. A quadratic model best described the relationship between dependent and independent variables. In general, maximum germination values, and GSI and root lengths were obtained at temperatures close to 29 °C, while the lowest observed values for these variables occurred at extreme temperatures (23 and 35 °C). The highest percentage of germinated seeds occurred on the second day. Temperatures above 29 ºC induced a significant reduction in the A. oleracea seedling root lengths.