Allyson J. Gallant

Background Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) in mental health research is increasingly recognised as a moral and ethical imperative, necessary to increase the relevance and effectiveness of translation of research findings. Despite policy mandates and growing evidence of its benefits, PPI implementation in mental health research remains inconsistent. Little attention has been given to the state of scientific knowledge on PPI capacity strengthening in mental health research that can support more meaningful implementation. The aims of this scoping review are to: describe the content, implementation process, and theoretical underpinnings of PPI capacity-strengthening initiatives in mental health research; identify quantitative outcome measures and outcomes used to evaluate the initiatives’ impact on PPI contributors, research processes, and policy; and map barriers and enablers to the initiatives’ implementation. Methods This scoping review will follow JBI and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Sources will include peer-reviewed articles, grey literature, and organisational materials describing training or skill-building initiatives for adult PPI contributors in mental health research. Searches will be conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL, supplemented by hand-searching, targeted internet searches, and stakeholder consultation. Data extraction will capture descriptive details, initiative content, outcomes, and contextual factors, with barriers and enablers categorised according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) domains. Conclusion This review will provide the first comprehensive synthesis of capacity-strengthening initiatives for PPI contributors in mental health research. Findings will inform the development of a co-designed blueprint for capacity-strengthening for PPI contributors, and progress broader efforts to embed lived experience expertise and general public perspectives equitably within mental health research systems.

Background: Discharge communication is a key component of high-quality care. This practice is important in the pediatric emergency department (PED), where patients and families often leave without fully understanding important information shared during their visit. Co-designed discharge communication interventions may enhance information exchange in PEDs. The aim of this study was to assess the usability of two discharge communication tools, co-designed with youth, parents, and PED clinicians, for asthma or concussion presentations. Methods: This was a mixed methods study with a concurrent validating quantitative triangulation design. Youth, parents, and clinicians recruited from two Canadian PEDs completed usability tests for either an asthma or concussion co-designed discharge communication intervention. Usability Testing Round 1 was remote, where participants provided quantitative and qualitative feedback on tool functionality. Feedback from Round 1 informed the revised tools for Round 2 testing. Remote Usability Testing Round 2 was self-administered by a new group of participants who provided feedback on user experience and satisfaction with the tool by completing 5-point Likert scale questions and open-text fields. Round 1 data were analyzed using the severity of usability problems (SUP) scoring. Quantitative data from Rounds 1 and 2 were analyzed descriptively. Deductive content analysis was applied to qualitative data from Rounds 1 and 2. One reviewer coded participant feedback and a second reviewer verified categories. Results: Round 1 ( n = 14) revealed primarily cosmetic and minor usability issues for each tool. Revised tools were used in Usability Testing Round 2 ( n = 40), which identified additional, minor revisions to each tool. A key suggestion was offering the tools in multiple languages and formats to ensure they met the diverse needs of patients and families presenting to the PED. Site 1 participants consistently scored the tools more helpful or useful compared to Site 2. Conclusions: Through two rounds of comprehensive usability testing, we refined each tool to meet the needs of youth, parents and PED clinicians. Enhanced recruitment strategies are needed to reach youth and diverse populations to ensure future tools meet a range of information needs during PED discharge.

Individuals with mental health difficulties (MHD) have a substantial reduction in life expectancy compared to the general population. It is increasingly recognised that mental health services need to improve physical healthcare as a priority. Sexual health, including consideration of high-risk sexual behaviours, medication side effects, and challenges in romantic relationships, is a further important but under-recognised aspect of overall health. We discuss some of the current issues relating to physical and sexual health, with a particular focus on youth with MHD and how we might implement holistic care in Ireland. Prioritising the resourcing of these issues could facilitate the implementation of a Shared Model of Care as recommended in Ireland’s National Mental Health Policy, Sharing the Vision.

Background Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) in mental health research is increasingly recognised as a moral and ethical imperative, necessary to increase the relevance and effectiveness of translation of research findings. Despite policy mandates and growing evidence of its benefits, PPI implementation in mental health research remains inconsistent. Little attention has been given to the state of scientific knowledge on PPI capacity strengthening in mental health research that can support more meaningful implementation. The aims of this scoping review are to: determine the state of knowledge concerning PPI in mental health research capacity-strengthening initiatives; identify the outcome measures used to evaluate the impact of capacity strengthening initiatives for PPI on contributors, research processes, and policy; and map the barriers and enablers to the implementation of capacity strengthening initiatives for PPI. Methods This scoping review will follow JBI and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Sources will include peer-reviewed articles, grey literature, and organisational materials describing training or skill-building initiatives for adult PPI contributors in mental health research. Searches will be conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL, supplemented by hand-searching, targeted internet searches, and stakeholder consultation. Data extraction will capture descriptive details, initiative content, outcomes, and contextual factors, with barriers and enablers categorised according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) domains. Conclusion This review will provide the first comprehensive synthesis of capacity-strengthening initiatives for PPI contributors in mental health research. Findings will inform the development of a co-designed blueprint for capacity-strengthening for PPI contributors, and progress broader efforts to embed lived experience expertise and general public perspectives equitably within mental health research systems.

Background Adolescence is a period of transition in which young people undergo physical, psychological and social changes. While most move through this transition with few problems, others experience greater difficulties, which may lead to an increased risk of becoming vulnerable to mental health issues. Social media use amongst young people is high; an abundance of literature identifies the deleterious impact of its use on mental health. However, its positive influence on youth well-being is also reported. Ireland’s mental health policy recommends harnessing the positive role social media can play in the promotion of youth mental health. However, an evidence gap exists as to how this can be implemented. This scoping review aims to identify the barriers and enablers to the use of social media as a youth mental health promotion tool, to inform the implementation of policy recommendations. Methods The search strategy, screening, extraction and synthesis will be informed by the JBI guidelines. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research will guide the identification and mapping of implementation determinants. The review outcomes will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Primary studies focused on young people and key stakeholders, such as teachers and parents, identifying barriers and enablers to the use of social media for youth mental health promotion will be included. A librarian-developed search strategy will be applied to the Web of Science Core Collection, Medline (EBSCO), Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases. A narrative synthesis of the results guided by CFIR framework will be presented. Conclusion The review extends the work of previous reviews by adopting an Implementation Science approach focusing on the identification and mapping of implementation barriers and enablers to the use of social media as a youth mental health promotion tool. Registration Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/T5YF7M)

Background Approximately one in eight people live with mental health difficulties, with onset commonly occurring in youth. It is critical to ensure care addresses all aspects of health, including physical health and sexual wellbeing needs, to achieve positive recovery outcomes. Connecting primary and secondary healthcare providers and service users through shared models of care is a critical aspect of this. The objectives of this scoping review will be to 1) identify and describe the implementation of shared models of care which address the mental health of young people and their physical health and/or sexual wellbeing needs, and 2) identify the determinants of implementing these models of care. Protocol Following Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, studies will be included if they describe shared models of care for young people (aged 10–25) in any healthcare setting, specifically addressing mental health and physical health or sexual wellbeing needs. The review will employ the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to organise and assess findings. A librarian developed the search strategy, which will be applied to Web of Science, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases. Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts and full texts, followed by data extraction and critical appraisal of included studies. Discrepancies at all stages will be resolved through discussion or by a third reviewer. Screening results will be summarised in a PRISMA flow diagram. Narrative summaries, supported by tables and figures where applicable, will address the review’s objectives. Findings will undergo thematic analysis, with implementation determinants mapped deductively to CFIR. Discussion Findings will inform the adaptation of implementation strategies to support the implementation of policy for improving healthcare delivery to young people with mental health difficulties. Registration Open Science Framework (osf.io/rj783).

Background: Usability tests provide important insight into user preferences, functional issues, and differences between target groups for health interventions and products. However, there is limited guidance on how to adapt the usability testing approach for a youth audience, especially for digital health interventions. Objective: This protocol paper outlines a novel approach for conducting usability tests with a diverse audience of youth, parents, and clinicians in the development of 2 digital health tools for the pediatric emergency department (ED) setting. Methods: This paper outlines a protocol for usability testing as part of a broader study aimed at co-designing ED discharge communication tools with youth, parents, and clinicians. The broader study involved co-designing 2 digital tools: one for asthma and one for concussions. A multimethods approach to usability testing was used to assess the functionality of these tools through 2 rounds of testing. A mix of youth, parents, and ED clinicians were invited to participate in each round of usability testing. Participants were asked to provide feedback on the tools through quantitative surveys and open-ended qualitative questions. The usability testing approach was adapted to suit each target group, such as including a youth in the data collection process, to enhance the quality of the data. The severity of usability problems was analyzed following the first round of testing, and each tool was refined based on this feedback. The second round of usability tests involved collecting both qualitative and quantitative feedback on the revised tools. Results: All usability data have been collected and are being analyzed. Outcomes will be disseminated through a subsequent publication. Results will include demographic characteristics from each user group from both rounds of testing, severity of usability scores, qualitative and quantitative feedback, and differences in test outcomes between each target group. Conclusions: This paper provides novel guidance for conducting usability tests with youth participants when designing digital health tools. By using a comprehensive co-design and usability testing approach, we anticipate that final tools will be highly relevant to the end users and will lead to better uptake and patient outcomes when pilot-tested in future studies. The outlined approach may be adapted to different health care contexts for other youth participants. Further research should continue to explore ways to design usability tests that are suitable for youth audiences, as there is still a significant gap in the literature around this topic. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/64350

Background Self-harm is the most important predictor of suicide, one of the leading causes of death in young people globally. There is a dearth of studies examining the processes underpinning recovery for those who have self-harmed. In particular, there is a lack of studies identifying elements that people who have self-harmed can change or influence to improve their wellbeing i.e. personally modifiable factors. Identifying these factors is important for individuals and clinicians to reduce or cease self-harm behaviours and improve personal wellbeing. In addition, it is imperative to understand why implementing these personally modifiable factors may succeed or fail. This systematic review has two aims: firstly, to identify personally modifiable factors for self-harm recovery in young people; and secondly, to identify the implementation determinants (barriers and facilitators) of these factors. Methods The search strategy will employ terms relating to three concepts (i.e. ‘young people’, ‘self-harm’, and ‘personally modifiable factors’) and will use five databases for the search process: Medline, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, Embase, and Web of Science. At least two independent reviewers will conduct the screening process using eligibility criteria, followed by data extraction and quality assessment of the included studies. The mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) will be used for quality assessment. Inductive coding will be used to identify the personally modifiable factors and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) will be used to analyse and summarise the implementation determinants for these factors. Conclusion Identifying personally modifiable factors for self-harm recovery, and the barriers and facilitators underpinning their implementation, could inform the design of effective public health interventions to reduce self-harm in young people. Registration PROSPERO registration number CRD420250650920

Introduction Domestic violence (DV) is a major public health problem for women around the world, and more commonly for women in Latin American countries (LACs). DV poses a threat to women’s health and can have more severe effects in women at midlife and older (aged 50 and above), including a decline in physical and mental abilities leading to a reduced independence. Low- and middle-income countries, including LACs, are projected to experience the greatest population growth in women at midlife and older worldwide over the next few decades. Current LAC literature about DV in relation to women at midlife and older is predominantly prevalence focused. The objective of this review is to identify what is known about DV among women at midlife and older in LACs. Methods and analysis This review will be conducted in accordance with JBI scoping review methodology. This includes a three-step search strategy: first, a search to identify articles from databases in MEDLINE, Scopus and LILACS; then, a second search using all key words and index terms identified from the articles in step one across select databases; and third, screening the reference lists of included studies and reports for additional studies. All studies which focus on DV in LACs among women at midlife and older will be eligible for inclusion, including those related to definitions, frameworks, cultural norms, risk factors, interventions, evaluations, measurement tools, and health and social consequences. Titles, abstracts and full texts will be assessed by two independent reviewers. A data extraction tool will be used, and findings will be presented in a narrative accompanied by diagrams and tables that address the review questions. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval is not required for this review. Findings will be disseminated through a range of traditional approaches, including publication in a peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations. Trial registration This review has been registered with Open Science Framework https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/SZMF7.