Adriana I. Wawrzyniak

The ID10 beamline of the SESAME (Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East) synchrotron light source in Jordan was inaugurated in June 2023 and is now open to scientific users. The beamline, which was designed and installed within the European Horizon 2020 project BEAmline for Tomography at SESAME (BEATS), provides full-field X-ray radiography and microtomography imaging with monochromatic or polychromatic X-rays up to photon energies of 100 keV. The photon source generated by a 2.9 T wavelength shifter with variable gap, and a double-multilayer monochromator system allow versatile application for experiments requiring either an X-ray beam with high intensity and flux, and/or a partially spatial coherent beam for phase-contrast applications. Sample manipulation and X-ray detection systems are designed to allow scanning samples with different size, weight and material, providing image voxel sizes from 13 µm down to 0.33 µm. A state-of-the-art computing infrastructure for data collection, three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction and data analysis allows the visualization and exploration of results online within a few seconds from the completion of a scan. Insights from 3D X-ray imaging are key to the investigation of specimens from archaeology and cultural heritage, biology and health sciences, materials science and engineering, earth, environmental sciences and more. Microtomography scans and preliminary results obtained at the beamline demonstrate that the new beamline ID10-BEATS expands significantly the range of scientific applications that can be targeted at SESAME.

The National Synchrotron Radiation Center SOLARIS, ranked among the top infrastructures of that type worldwide, is the only one located in Central-Eastern Europe, in Poland. The SOLARIS Center, with six fully operational beamlines, serves as a hub for research across a diverse range of disciplines. This cutting-edge facility fosters innovation in fields like biology, chemistry, and physics as well as material engineering, nanotechnology, medicine, and pharmacology. With its advanced infrastructure and multidisciplinary approach, the SOLARIS Center enables discoveries and pushes the boundaries of knowledge. The most important aspect of such enormous research as well as industry infrastructure is to provide stable working conditions for the users and the conducted projects. Due to its unique properties, problem complexities, and challenges that require advanced approaches, the problem of anomaly detection and automatic analysis of signals for the beam stability assessment is still a huge challenge that has not been fully developed. To increase the effectiveness of centers with advanced research infrastructure we focus on the automatic analysis of transverse beam profiles generated by the Pinhole diagnostic beam-line. Pinhole beamlines are typically installed in the middle and high-energy synchrotrons to thoroughly analyze emitted X-rays and therefore assess electron beam quality. To address the problem we take advantage of AI solutions including up-to-date pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) models among others EfficientNetB0-B4-B6, InceptionV3 and DenseNet121. In this research, we propose the benchmark for Pinhole image classification including data preprocessing, model implementation, training process, hyperparameter selection as well as testing phase. Created from scratch database contains over one million transverse beam profile images. The proposed solution, based on the InceptionV3 architecture, classifies pinhole beamline images with 94.1% accuracy and 96.6% precision which is a state-of-the-art result in this research area. Finally, we employed interpretability algorithms to perform an analysis of the models and achieved results.

The SOLARIS synchrotron located in Krakow, Poland, is a third-generation light source operating at medium electron energy. The first synchrotron light was observed in 2015, and the consequent development of infrastructure lead to the first users’ experiments at soft X-ray energies in 2018. Presently, SOLARIS expands its operation towards hard X-rays with continuous developments of the beamlines and concurrent infrastructure. In the following, we will summarize the SOLARIS synchrotron design, and describe the beamlines and research infrastructure together with the main performance parameters, upgrade, and development plans.