Mikhail Stepanov

В статье проведена оценка текущего состояния развития сферы проектов государственно-частного партнерства (ГЧП) в Республике Казахстан. Под сферой реализации представляется совокупность отраслей экономики и общественной деятельности, в которых применяются механизмы партнерства между государством и частным бизнесом для создания, модернизации и эффективного управления объектами социальной инфраструктуры и предоставления общественно значимых услуг. Сфера реализации проектов ГЧП в Казахстане определяется приоритетами социально-экономического развития страны и регулируется законодательной базой. На основе анализа 1320 проектов выявлены ключевые тенденции, динамика изменений, особенности правового регулирования сферой и основные проблемы развития. Особое внимание уделено основным отраслям применения ГЧП, таким как образование, здравоохранение, энергетика и ЖКХ, где наблюдается доминирующая доля проектов. Авторы подчеркивают значительный прогресс в развитии институциональной и нормативно-правовой базы, начиная с 2006 года, однако отмечают, что реализация ГЧП сталкивается с проблемами, включая административные барьеры, финансовые риски и недостаток прозрачности. В заключение акцентируется динамика развития рынка: стабильный рост числа проектов и совершенствование правовых механизмов сопровождаются необходимостью адаптации к новым вызовам, что позволяет рассматривать рынок ГЧП в Казахстане как перспективный и быстро развивающийся инструмент для решения социально-экономических задач. Однако ввиду необходимости совершенствования и развития сферы, авторами предлагаются возможные варианты решения выявленных проблем. Ключевые слова: государство, бизнес, партнерство, рынок, проекты ГЧП

The relevance of the study is related to the increasing importance of public-private partnership (PPP) for solving socially significant tasks and implementing large projects in conditions of a limited budget and lack of private investment. The aim of the work is to optimize the management of PPP projects by analyzing the current state, identifying key problems, and developing practical solutions. The research methodology includes the analysis of scientific literature and empirical observations. During the work, it was found that, despite Kazakhstan’s significant achievements in the development of PPP, such systemic problems as bureaucratic obstacles, financial risks, and insufficient readiness of facilities for transfer to private management remain. The main conclusions of the article emphasize the need to increase the competence of PPP participants, improve legislation, and apply new financial instruments (Stepanov et al., 2023). It is expected that the proposed measures will increase the volume of financing of PPP projects from 3,112 million tenge in 2023 to 4,697 million tenge in 2028. The paper highlights the importance of a systematic approach to PPP project management for the sustainable economic development of Kazakhstan (Stepanov & Legostayeva, 2022b).

The hotel business in Kazakhstan is one of the fastest growing sectors of the economy, which has a significant impact on society. Personnel risks are among the most complex and have a wide classification. The management of these risks includes the identification, assessment and control of all internal and external factors that can negatively affect the company’s activities. To analyze human resource management in the hotel sector, taking into account personnel risks, 131 employees of various management levels were interviewed. The results showed that strategic human resource management in the studied hotels is at a low level, which negatively affects working conditions, career prospects of employees and the achievement of strategic goals. To improve the situation, it is necessary to implement a human resource management system that includes a personnel risk management mechanism. The study highlights the need to eliminate the identified problems and develop strategies for managing personnel risks, as well as creating a typical profile of such risks for hotel companies. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of removing the identified obstacles and implementing strategies to develop methodological and practical recommendations for personnel risk management, as well as to create a typical personnel risk profile for hotel companies. Practical recommendations aimed at solving these problems and improving the personnel risk management system will help prevent and minimize personnel risks in the hotel business. Keywords: risk management, personnel risk, hotel business, human resource management, personnel risk profile.

The main purpose of this article is to evaluate and analyze foreign experience in the creation and functioning of public-private partnership (PPP) management systems, highlight their country-specific features and present the most successful practices of its development. The article presents foreign experience in the creation and functioning of public-private partnership (hereinafter PPP) project management systems, highlights their country-specific features and presents the most successful practices of its development. The authors touched upon aspects of legislative and regulatory support, principles of the PPP management and development system, long-term planning of infrastructure development, tools and methods, creation and organization of public administration bodies within the framework of PPP.The result of the article is the collection and study of data on the implementation and implementation of the PPP mechanism in foreign countries, based on the collected data, during the study of practical experience accumulated in the field of public-private partnership, to determine the main criteria for the success of public administration systems in the field of PPP. As part of the study methods of analysis, theoretical and logical methods of generalization, comparison and comparison, deduction and induction, methods of formalization, logical interpretation, methods of logical reasoning, the method of tabular representation of the results, analysis and evaluation were used. The main results and practical relevance of the work are systematized foreign practice of regulatory and legal support of the PPP project management system, the organization of the public administration system in the framework of PPP, which allowed to define the main criteria for the success of public administration systems in the field of PPP. The authors have made recommendations for improving the PPP system of the Republic of Kazakhstan.