Dorin Beu

This article demonstrates how positioning residents as active co-designers fundamentally transforms both the process and outcomes of carbon-positive building development. Through structured collaborative workshops, shared decision-making protocols, and continuous partnership throughout the building lifecycle, the REN+HOMES Positive Carbon Building methodology challenges the conventional expert-driven approach to sustainable construction. Developed and validated through the H2020 REN+HOMES project, this resident-centered approach achieved remarkable technical performance—65.9% reduction in final energy demand—while simultaneously enhancing community ownership and long-term sustainability practices. By integrating participatory design with Zero Emissions Building (ZEB) criteria, renewable energy systems, and national carbon offset programs, the methodology proves that resident collaboration is not merely beneficial but essential for creating buildings that truly serve both environmental and human needs. This research establishes a new paradigm where technical excellence emerges from authentic partnership between residents and sustainability experts, offering a replicable framework for community-driven environmental regeneration.

Embracing a greener future requires understanding our carbon footprint. This study analyses the greenhouse gas emissions of the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca (TUCN) across all three emission scopes (1, 2, and 3) over a two-year period (2022–2023), employing the GHG Protocol methodology and One Click LCA software. In 2022, TUCN reported total greenhouse gas emissions of 7445.1 tonnes of CO₂ equivalent (tCO₂e), with a significant emphasis on Scope 3 emissions (28.3% of the total). This figure decreased slightly to 7229.1 tCO₂e in 2023. On a per-person basis, emissions decreased from 0.378 tCO₂e per person in 2022 to 0.362 tCO₂e per person in 2023. The emissions per square meter also decreased from 31.2 kgCO₂e/m² in 2022 to 30.3 kgCO₂e/m² in 2023. Stationary fuel use (primarily natural gas) remained the largest contributor to emissions, accounting for approximately 62.7% and 66.9% in 2022 and 2023, respectively. TUCN aims for an 80% emissions reduction by 2030, fostering positive environmental impacts through education, energy efficiency, community engagement, and partnerships. This study provides a foundation for achieving carbon neutrality, benchmarking Romanian institutions, and contributing to national climate mitigation. The research’s findings are valuable for those seeking to integrate sustainable practices within higher education and broader urban contexts.

The present article outlines the Positive Carbon Building certification's pioneering approach, aiming to establish a clear and rigorous methodology for buildings that are not only neutral in their environmental impact but are net positive. This certification challenges the industry by setting a higher bar — achieving net positivity. The approach does not just mitigate harm but actively contributes to environmental regeneration, thereby pushing the construction and real estate sectors towards innovative practices and collaborations. It calls for a reevaluation of how buildings are designed, constructed, and operated, encouraging the incorporation of renewable energy sources, energy-efficient designs, and materials with lower embodied carbon. This ambition signifies a move towards structures that produce more energy than they consume annually, thereby offering a surplus to the energy grid and reducing their carbon footprint comprehensively. This certification intends to work in conjunction with existing green building certifications, emphasizing net-positive energy production and ensuring alignment with both European and national legislations concerning nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) [1]. Traditionally, the focus has been on minimizing the negative environmental impacts of buildings, but the methodology for Positive Building Certification will mark a significant shift in the conceptualization of green building standards.

The indoor environmental quality of a building has attracted everyone’s attention since a worldwide pandemic was declared and forced people indoors. After several months, people were able to return to their usual activities, but with strict safety measures added due to the circumstances. This paper focuses on the impact of safety measures on students’ thermal comfort, a case study performed in a continental climate zone, during the winter. The methodology used involved the collection of both quantitative and qualitative data. Descriptive statistics and frequencies alongside correlations and cross-tabular methods were used to analyze the collected data. The results indicated that the predicted mean vote (PMV) underestimated students’ thermal perception. A difference of 1.5 °C was found between the operative neutral temperature of the PMV and students’ thermal sensation votes while wearing masks. Likewise, a lower neutral operative temperature was found for students wearing masks than for those without masks. Students wearing masks preferred a slightly cooler environment and a significant difference was found (p = 0.001) between students’ thermal comfort votes. All of these findings indicate that there is a potential for energy savings without affecting students’ thermal comfort.

The paper analyses the power-quality effects of connecting LED luminaires to street lighting installations. The power quality impact of LED luminaires and the implementation of smart control systems are discussed. Several power-quality measurements have been performed to determine the effect of connecting multiple LED luminaires to the electrical power network. Three LED street lighting systems were selected, each equipped only with LED luminaires of different power ratings and numbers, produced by different manufacturers. The measurements were performed at the lighting connection box, and the results are presented and discussed for each case.

CoME EASY is a European Union H2020 project started in May 2018, which aims to help local public authorities secure a more sustainable energy and climate policy, in line with the New Green Deal and Fit for 55 initiatives. The main idea of CoME EASY is to offer an integrated package of on-line tools that synchronize European Energy Awards (EEA) with Covenant of Mayors (CoM), ISOs, Smart Cities, and other initiatives that allow local communities to have multiple commitments for energy efficiency and climate with less effort. EEA is a quality management and awarding system for municipalities and regions, which started in 1988 in Switzerland and now includes more than 1700 municipalities from 8 countries and 10 new pilot countries with more than 65 million people belonging to the local communities that are involved. There are six main areas of activity in EEA (Development and Spatial Planning Strategy, Municipal Buildings and Facilities, Supply and Disposal, Mobility, Internal Organization, Communication and Cooperation) through which municipalities are driven by advisors so as to receive a score in percentage for each area, which further allows them to compare with other communities. Romania has been an EEA pilot country since 2016 and, despite initial problems in implementing the system, now has three communities, Iași (Romania second largest city), Alba Iulia (the so-called other Romanian capital), and Vama Buzăului, included in CoME EASY. These cities tested frameworking tools and managed to be assessed with EAA tools, and developed a Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan synchronously. Owing to the CoME EASY tools, all of these communities were able to deliver key performance indicators that are in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

Educational buildings (schools and universities) in Romania were equipped in time with several types of luminaires and now most of them are using fluorescent lamps, simple switches and using the same room position from the building completion. During time, lighting norms changed and since 2003 the European norm EN 12464-1 it is used. There is no study on the existing situation of lighting parameters in educational buildings in Romania and this paper is presenting the results of a survey in several schools in Romania and compares the measured results with recommended values. The paper is the base on a study regarding possible measures for energy efficiency.

The role of smart cities in order to improve older people’s quality of life, sustainability and opportunities, accessibility, mobility, and connectivity is increasing and acknowledged in public policy and private sector strategies in countries all over the world. Smart cities are one of the technological-driven initiatives that may help create an age-friendly city. Few research studies have analysed emerging countries in terms of their national strategies on smart or age-friendly cities. In this study, Romania which is predicted to become one of the most ageing countries in the European Union is used as a case study. Through document analysis, current initiatives at the local, regional, and national level addressing the issue of smart and age-friendly cities in Romania are investigated. In addition, a case study is presented to indicate possible ways of the smart cities initiatives to target and involve older adults. The role of different stakeholders is analysed in terms of whether initiatives are fragmentary or sustainable over time, and the importance of some key factors, such as private–public partnerships and transnational bodies. The results are discussed revealing the particularities of the smart cities initiatives in Romania in the time frame 2012–2020, which to date, have limited connection to the age-friendly cities agenda. Based on the findings, a set of recommendations are formulated to move the agenda forward.

Optical utilization factor (OUF) is applied to architectural lighting, searching to obtain low light pollution. It is demonstrated that OUF could not be used for the assessment of light pollution, because the inter-reflections could not be neglected. DIALUX simulations and MATLAB original functions are used. Onsite measurements for illuminance and luminance are performed. It is demonstrated that OUF could be greater than one for the facade. For the small scale inter-reflections, a luminance gain is demonstrated. Due to this, the floodlighting could be reduced. The understanding about the light pollution assessment is changed, which is a major achievement. It means that a greater OUF don’t represent a lower light pollution, and also a facade could be more “visible” on lower level of floodlighting.