Kunjana Malik

Addressing ethical concerns and promoting responsible artificial intelligence (AI) practices when using AI systems like ChatGPT is essential. Key issues include biases in the system's production, user privacy, preventing misuse, and transparency about how AI makes decisions. To ensure responsible AI use, we need to implement safeguards, such as strong moderation tools, ways for users to consent, and clear explanations of what AI can and cannot do. We should also continuously monitor systems, use training data, and work with stakeholders to reduce harm and promote fair outcomes. The chapter talks about encouraging accountability and aligning AI development with societal values, ChatGPT can be a helpful tool while lowering the risks linked to its use.

This study addresses a developing research concern about the relationship of organization performance (OP) with stakeholder integration (SI) (stakeholder interaction (SInt), behaviours of adaptation (BA)), environmental sustainability concerns (ESC) (knowledge, practice and commitment to environmental sustainability (CES)) and the level of competition (competition intensity). SI refers to the extent of SInt and adaptive behaviour that shapes the decision-making processes of any firm. ESC are reflected in organizations’ knowledge, practices and commitment to sustainability, while competitive intensity (CI) captures the external market pressure faced by firms. The study is based on a primary survey of 242 executive-level personnel and leaders of multinational corporations (MNCs) and business firms in India. Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM), we have tried to establish the relationship between SI, ESC, level of competition, and OP. The growth of a firm is aided by its stakeholders, who make tactical choices. Ecological sustainability concerns and a firm’s competition level are other indicators linked with performance; thus, the present study measures the mentioned constructs through a causal relationship with SEM. Indicating that businesses’ efforts towards environmental sustainability practices and commitment contribute to an organization’s solid performance, and that SInt and competition intensity give businesses in developing countries like India a competitive edge. We find a positive and significant association between SInt, environmental sustainability practices, CES, and CI, whereas a non-significant relationship emerges between behaviours of adaptation and knowledge of environmental sustainability (KES).

Purpose: As concerns about global warming and environmental degradation have intensified, researchers are trying to create a deeper understanding of country-specific factors that affect environment so that economic growth can be simultaneously achieved. Recently, private equity (PE) has emerged as a significant form of corporate investment worldwide, compelled to reconcile their financial objectives along with the burgeoning demand for sustainable investment practices. However, the nexus between environmental degradation and PE investment at the country level is yet to be explored.Design/methodology/approach: The study uses annual data for 78 developed countries from 2002 to 2020 and 107 developing countries, which have been divided into 54 lower-middle-income and 53 upper-middle-income countries, to explore the relationship between carbon emission, economic growth and PE investment within an energy growth and Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) framework.Findings: The study finds the existence of the EKC hypothesis for developed, upper-middle-income developing and lower-middle-income developing countries. PE investment reduces environmental degradation by providing investments in cleaner technologies, energy-efficient sources and renewable investments. Better human development index (HDI) reduces carbon emissions, as more education and knowledge involve an understanding of environmental protection. Increased climate risk index increases carbon emissions, and therefore, the study provides insights for policymakers and government to enhance PE investments within a country, which will eventually lead to development of sustainable business practices.Originality/value: The study is the first of its kind to look into the impact of PE as a source of investment on environmental degradation, incorporating economic growth and environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors.

This study aims to explore internal firm factors that enhance sustainability‐oriented product and process innovations. Formulated on resource‐based theories and the Porter hypothesis, it further investigates the impact of these innovations on the economic performance of firms. Adopting a quantitative research methodology, the study uses partial least squares structural equation modelling on data collected from 251 middle to senior management employees working in manufacturing‐based consumer goods firms. Dynamic capabilities, sustainable organisational innovations and smart technologies are concluded as significant factors that enhance sustainability‐oriented innovations. A strong positive impact of sustainability‐oriented innovations on organisation's economic performance is established, with green competitive advantage playing a strong mediating role and green image as a weak mediating variable. Interesting insights are gained in action‐identity‐image relationships. A strong positive relationship is established between sustainability‐oriented innovations and green organisational identity. Green organisational identity further promotes green image through green commitment. The study provides managers insights on internal factors that encourage sustainable innovations and harness right opportunities to ensure economic success. The interplay between action, identity, and image provides policymakers right tools to frame appropriate strategies to create sustainability orientation. The study has limitations as it is cross sectional and hence fails to capture the dynamics over time and it uses subjective measures.

The primary purpose of this research is to substantiate the factors that impact the liquidity of the banks in the UAE. This research paper is an extension of the thesis that the primary author has undertaken to prove the test of significance and provide concrete evidence that the identified idiosyncratic and market related factors have significant impact on the liquidity risk for the banks in the UAE. The primary author has performed linear regression to identify the relation of the dependent and independent variables and once the test of significance is proved, the factors have been ranked using MURAME approach as part of ultimate thesis research objectives (MURAME approach is not forming part of this research paper). The research paper focusses on top 10 banks in the UAE and the study spans from 2010 to 2019. The study employs idiosyncratic factors like Deposit growth, NPL, CAR, ROA and market factors like GDP, Inflation, Unemployment, Oil prices and studies its relationship on dependent factor i.e., liquidity. Series of diagnostic tests are performed to find the impact of liquidity on idiosyncratic and market related factors. JEL Classification Codes: E58, G32, G38.

The study investigates long-run and short-run cointegrating relationship between stock market returns, fear index (VIX), brent crude oil prices and growth in deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic for BRIC countries using daily data from 23 January 2020 to 24 August 2020 using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. CUSUM test and serial correlation test estimates point towards the robustness of the model used. The evidence reveals that for India and Brazil, with the outbreak of COVID-19, decrease in crude oil prices and increase in volatility index, the stock returns started declining in the short run, but the impact has declined and the stock returns have regained in the long run. For China, due to the outbreak of COVID-19 and increase in fear index, stock returns declined in the short run, but the Chinese economy has recovered well due to a strong industrial and services sector. For Russia, increase in deaths due to COVID and decline in oil prices has impacted the stock returns in the long- and short run. Due to a decline of 53% for crude oil prices from January 2020 to May 2020, the Russian economy would face the consequences in the long run as well. The results suggest that though BRIC countries were impacted by growth in COVID-19 deaths, but the recovery trajectory and stability has resumed for all countries except Russia. Results of Granger Causality indicate a bidirectional causality between VIX and stock returns for the Indian market.