Mahendra Singh Rathore

Background: Chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disorders, diabetes mellitus, respiratory disorders, and cancer continue to be predominant cause to morbidity and mortality globally. Suboptimal adherence to prescribed medication represents a critical obstacle to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes and effective disease management. Objective of the study was to assess the effect of a comprehensive clinical pharmacist counseling intervention program (CPCIP) on medication adherence, knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP), and patient satisfaction among individuals with chronic illnesses in a tertiary care hospital in India. Methods: The quasi-experimental study was conducted with pre and post interventions among patients with chronic diseases at a tertiary care hospital. Clinical pharmacists delivered systematic counseling regarding medication adherence, lifestyle modifications, and disease management strategies. Along with that, the Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS-8), a validated KAP scale, and satisfaction questionnaires were used before and after the intervention. Results: This study evaluated the CPCIP intervention improved adherence and KAP scores with patient satisfaction, the mean MMAS-8 score significantly increased post intervention from 3.05±1.10 to 5.55±0.95 (p<0.001). The three domains KAP also demonstrated an improvement while patients reported satisfaction level 8.62±0.84 out of 10 scale. There were positive correlations were found among satisfaction, adherence scores, and KAP improvements. Conclusions: The CPCIP effectively enhanced adherence, patient understanding, and satisfaction. Integrating pharmacist-led counseling within routine healthcare services can supports effective chronic disease management, reduce complications, and healthcare burden while improving overall healthcare outcomes in patients with chronic illness in India.

Tetramethylthionine chloride is approved by the FDA for the treatment of paediatric and adult patients with acquired methaemoglobinaemia. The objective of this research was to develop and validate an Ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric method for quantification of Tetramethylthionine chloride in cleaning control swab sample from manufacturing equipment surfaces. Simple, accurate and cost efficient spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation and quantification of Tetramethylthionine chloride which is going to be used for the evaluation of cleaning in cleaning validation. The optimum conditions for the quantitative analysis of the drugs were established. The maximum wavelength (λmax) was found to be 663nm. The percent recovery of Tetramethylthionine chloride for 50.0%, 100.0% and 150.0% were 99.13, 97.76 and 101.18 respectively. Linearity of Tetramethylthionine chloride for Validation showed a good linear relationship with Correlation Coefficient (r2) value of 0.999 was obtained. Validation was performed according to the ICH guidelines of Analytical Method Validation. The Sample Solution was chemically stable up to 36 hours. The proposed may be suitable for the Estimation and Quantification of Tetramethylthionine chloride for evaluation of cleaning in cleaning validation for quality control purposes.

Introduction: Objectives of this study were to assess risk factors, cost of treatment, and therapy outcomes in stroke patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 130 patients of either sex at a government tertiary care hospital of India. Relevant information was collected from available records and through patient interview after permission from the ethics committee. National Institute of Health Stroke Score (NIHSS) was used to assess therapy outcome. Analysis of variance and the students t-test were applied appropriately where needed. Results: Higher body mass index, sedentary lifestyle, tobacco use, and elevated systolic blood pressure were observed as risk factors in participants. The mean cost of stroke treatment observed at this hospital was Indian Rupee 17,934.71 (€ 218.70; USD 267.67). The direct medical cost was the principal component in stroke treatment that ranged from 6% to 27% of the average six-month salary of patients in different socioeconomic classes. A significant improvement (p < 0.05) in health outcome (NIHSS Score) was observed in participants after treatment. Conclusion: The data on the cost of stroke treatment from this study may be used for further pharmacoeconomic studies.

In this note, we establish the existence of fixed point through fixed point theorems in the setting of partially ordered complex valued b- metric spaces. Then this fixed point is co-related as solution of equivalent operator equation of the Urysohn integral equation. In this process to make our results more authentic and meaningful we adopt an innovative way through visualling the given example supporting our findings. Naturally our results generalize some existing results.

The aim of the present study is to develop embelin-loaded guar gum microparticles through emulsification technique. The in vitro release of the optimised formulation was found to be 88.5 ± 3.8% in 24 h, has exhibited remarkably sustain and delayed the release of embelin at a specific site. Embelin-loaded microparticles showed average particle size of 12.9 ± 0.75 µm. The statistical analysis was carried out by one-way ANOVA followed by comparison test of Bonferroni. P values < 0.05 were considered as significant. The in vivo study concluded that pre-treatment of embelin prevents dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis in rats and depicts protective activity against ulcerative colitis due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. This approach produces comparatively less side effect to another conventional dosage form.

The aim of this study was to prepare and characterise oral delivery of morin hydrate-loaded micellar nanocarriers using Pluronic P127 and Pluronic F123 for the effective management of Alzheimer’s disease. After administration of formulation brain and blood drug concentration were found to be highest for optimised morin hydrate-loaded micellar nanocarriers as compared to plain morin hydrate. Significant (p < 0.05) reduction in assessed pharmacodynamic parameters was observed after administration of morin hydrate-loaded micellar nanocarriers as compared to disease control group. Chronic treatment with morin-loaded micelles significantly increased the memory in AlCl₃ induced Alzheimer’s disease in Wistar rats.

The present research work was aimed at exploring the wound-healing activity of alcoholic and an aqueous Achyranthes aspera Linn (apamarga) leaf extract. Leaf extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) were examined for its wound-healing activity in the form of ointment (1% w/w) in Excision model and Incision model in rats. The evaluation was made in terms of wound contractibility and wound closure time. A. aspera Linn leaf extract showed significant (P<0.001) wound-healing activity when compared with control and was as effective as soframycin (standard cream for comparison). The wound-healing potential of ethanolic extract was slightly more compared with aqueous extract. The present study showed the wound-healing potential of apamarga leaves.

Purpose : The aim of present work was to investigate the in vitro release profile of diclofenac sodium from matrix tablets, which were prepared using guar gum with and without probiotics. Methods : Six matrix tablets formulations (F1-F6) of diclofenac sodium containing varying proportions of guar gum, 10-60% of tablet weight were prepared by wet granulation method and evaluated in vitro for their release profile. Four matrix tablets formulations (F7-F10) of diclofenac with guar gum (40%) were prepared incorporating varying concentration of commercial spores of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium species that are commonly found in colon microflora. Results : The tablets having same concentration of guar gum without probiotics (F4) showed a 54.47% cumulative release of diclofenac after 24 hr while that in presence of probiotics (F9) was 73.01%. These drug release studies were conducted without rat caecal content. In another set of experiments, the drug release studies were carried out in presence of rat caecal content. In such experiments, more than 95% drug was released from F4 and F9 formulations after 24 hr. Conclusion : The results showed that commercial probiotics are capable in digesting guar gum. These probiotics may be used to assist in colon delivery of drugs from formulations prepared with guar gum.