Joan Martinez-Alier

In 1880 Serhiy A. Podolynsky (1850–1891) described the human economy as a metabolic flow of energy and was later praised for it by ecologist Vladimir Vernadsky, whereas his work encountered strong criticism by Friedrich Engels. However, the notes taken by Karl Marx were rather neutral in tone. In this article, we use primary sources in Ukrainian and Russian, including Vernadsky’s diaries and correspondence, to shed light on the ecological aspects of Podolynsky’s accounting of energy flows in agriculture and, more broadly, on the economic implications of his social energetics. In addition to a contribution to European intellectual history of the environment and the history of Ukrainian radical political movements in the 1870s, we provide arguments for the continued relevance of Podolynsky’s work for today’s planetary ecologists, ecological economists, political ecologists and eco-Marxists.

This is the definition of ‘The central role of environmental justice in corporate governance’ in the book ‘Elgar Encyclopedia of Corporate Governance’. With 163 authoritative entries providing definitive explanations and critiques of the fundamental principles and practices of corporate governance, this timely Encyclopedia is a comprehensive overview of the economic, political, social, legal and environmental impacts of corporations across the globe.

This article analyzes the global impacts of extractivism on human–nature bonds. To do so, we rely on socio-ecological conflict data from the Global Atlas of Environmental Justice. Over 1800 cases involving resistance to the destruction of nature, cultures, cosmologies, worldviews, ancestral origins, and sacred places are analyzed using log-linear regression compared to 1600 cases that do not report such loss. The impact is especially visible when mineral ores, plantation products, and crude oil are extracted. The results indicate that affected groups are Indigenous peoples, farmers, peasants, pastoralists, and religious groups. In conflict outcomes, 79% of cases with refusal of compensation indicate impacts on human–nature bonds. Furthermore, in those cases where assassinations of activists occurred, 68% have observed impacts on human–nature bonds. Protecting human–nature bonds is a critical component for achieving social, economic, and environmental sustainability and justice against extractivism embedded in colonial relations playing against such bonds and environmental protectors.

Se analizan la ideología corporativista y las instituciones del régimen franquista. El corporativismo fue más una idea que una realidad, porque el Estado interfirió destruyendo las bases para que existiera una representación real de los diferentes intereses sociales. Por el contrario, el nuevo régimen democrático ha fomentado el sistema corporativo, principalmente en lo que concierne a la política de ingresos, basado en un acuerdo tripartito entre los nuevos sindicatos, las nuevas asociaciones empesariales y el Estado. Se analiza la diferencia entre un corporativismo autoritario y otro liberal, y si las críticas Keynesianas a la política económica dañarán el consenso neocorporativo que se ha producido en España.

La transición política tras el régimen de Franco ha sido habitualmente descrita, en términos socialmente neutrales, no clasistas, como un cambio desde un régimen autoritario a una democracia parlamentaria. Los cambios políticos fueron separados con éxito de cambios en la estructura de la propiedad. Pero la recomposición del orden burgués tras 1975, el nuevo reparto de actores en la escena política, ha coincidido con una serie de acuerdos neocorporativos desde el Pacto de la Moncloa de 1977 hasta el Acuerdo Económico-Social de 1985-86. Así, paradójicamente, la vieja retórica corporativista franquista fue sustituida por practicas neocorporativistas que han favorecido un aumento de la desigualdad en la distribución del ingreso entre salarios y rentas de la propiedad.

Palabras clave: IPBES, biodiversidad, ecosistemas, especies, genética, pluralidad de valores, agroecología, etnología Keywords: IPBES, biodiversity, ecosystems, species, genetics, value pluralism, agroecology, ethnology

Palabras clave: IPBES, economía ecológica, biodiversidad, valores de la naturaleza, pluralismo de valores Keywords: IPBES, ecological economics, biodiversity, nature values, value pluralism

Palabras clave: IPBES, Colombia, pluralidad de valores, HANPP, servicios ambientales Keywords: IPBES, Colombia, value pluralism, HANPP, environmental services