Danuta Dziawgo

The volume consists of 17 articles covering a wide range of topics, from the history of accounting through the presentation of selected issues in the field of reporting and sustainable development. Their authors are employees of accounting departments at several Polish universities. The research results presented in the monograph constitute only a fragment of studies on research problems that have been bothering the scientific community in recent years. The topics discussed also include current issues of economic life, to which the field of accounting must also respond.

The subject of this study is a pro-sustainable activism. The main focus is concentrated on both consumers and investors. The aim of the elaboration is to draw attention towards sustainable development trend in current economy. The purpose is to propose a classification of stakeholder activism that is being carried out to strengthen sustainable development of enterprises. The study proposed seven criteria for division of stakeholders activism that aim to increase Corporate Social Responsibility, which were then briefly characterized. Therefore, this article develops the theory with a new approach regarding stakeholders activism.

The subject of this study is loyalty programs. The aim of the article is to draw attention to loyalty in the current economy. The purpose of the article is to examine the evolution of loyalty programs offered to consumers and investors. The study will cover the issue of building a loyal base of clients and investors. To achieve the aim of the study in the article, analysis of the literature, description, comparison, desk research and case study methods were applied. The study presents the author's definition and classification of loyalty programs. The research has demonstrated that there is social acceptance for activities undertaken in the field of loyalty programs. Such loyalty programs tighten financial and non-financial links with stakeholders. At the same time, programs offered to consumers are evolving towards creating an emotional loyalty that resonates with consumers. In turn, programs offered to investors are evolving towards generating financial benefits only on the capital market. However, that means resigning from creating an investor as a consumer through the loyalty program. At the same time, the loyalty program is open to every investor, regardless of the country of origin and type of investor. It can be expected that in the next stage of evolution these will be aware of their rights and environmentally sensitive stakeholders’ attitudes and preferences will have to be taken into account to an increasing extent by the company

Insufficient environment protection may have serious ecological consequences, resulting in a number of problems in the modern world, many of which are a direct result of human behavior. Therefore, one needs to limit negative ecological effects by consciously shaping environment-related behaviors. The present paper analyzes the declared attitudes of individuals when it comes to taking into consideration pro-environmental factors, including energy, consumption, and waste. We have also studied the social awareness of the socially responsible investment idea, as well as pro-ecological individual behaviors related to private finance. Our survey study, conducted on a representative sample of 1030 Polish respondents, shows that participants’ individual features have little impact on pro-ecological decisions, and that declared pro-ecological attitudes are not reflected in actual behaviors. Polish consumers are still not active enough in making decisions concerning pro-ecological actions, first of all, in terms of energy and waste. As a result of the conducted research, we suggest increasing all activities in the field of environmental policy that could increase the participation of society in facilitating sustainable development.

Loyalty program for investors as tool for maintaining relations with shareholders

The aim of this article is to present Investment Crowdfunding (ICF) in a perspective wider than merely as a new form of financing a certain category of business ventures. Selected aspects of ICF as a phenomenon that is a manifestation of the conflict between economic freedom and regulations and financial market institutions will be emphasized. New concepts of the part of the modern economy in the period of digitization, referred to as the collaborative economy, mesh economy, or sharing economy, should also be taken into account. The issues of excessive and restrictive regulation of the financial market will be presented in this context, as well as the constraints and risk factors of ICF operation and the Polish ICF experience. The study hypothesises that Investment Crowdfunding is a viable alternative for financing micro and small economic projects, if compared to the traditional and over-regulated forms of financing. The usefulness of Investment Crowdfunding concerns primarily economic projects of the start-up category. The study uses the following research methods: critical analysis of the literature of the issue, descriptive and comparative analysis, case study, and deduction. The theoretical considerations and examples presented in the article should be treated with appropriate research caution. However, they make it possible to positively verify the hypothesis.

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu = Research Papers of Wrocław University of Economics; 2019; vol. 63, nr 12, s. 23-34

The aim of the elaboration is to draw attention to selected aspects of credit rating. For that reason, comparison and induction methods were used. The article deals with credit rating and its present importance for the financial market. On that basis, possible scenarios for credit rating importance in the future will be analysed. Nowadays, the credit rating system and credit rating agencies’ behaviour and work quality are discussed worldwide. Therefore, the article can be seen as a voice in the discussion about future architecture of financial market and safety system net.