Rasheda Akter

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder defined by prolonged hyperglycemia due to deficient secretion or utilization of insulin. Although there exist various antidiabetic drugs, they are not devoid of side effects, are of low potency and expensive, thus necessitating the development of alternative natural antidiabetic remedies. The current investigation assessed the antihyperglycemic activity of Coccinia cordifolia and Gynura procumbens ethanolic leaf extracts on an STZ‐induced diabetic rat model, in conjunction with molecular docking and DFT calculations. Initial phytochemical investigations revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic, steroid compounds, saponins, and tannins in the extracts. Acute toxicity studies showed no toxicological signs when the extracts were administered up to 2 g/kg body weight. Administration of extracts orally for 14 days decreased fasting blood glucose (FBG) in a dose‐dependent fashion. At 2 g/kg body weight, the extracts of G. procumbens and C. cordifolia lowered the blood glucose by 55.74% and 52.68%, respectively, while glibenclamide, the standard drug, exhibited 61.96% reduction in blood glucose. From molecular docking, 2,5‐Dioxopyrrolidine‐1‐carboximidamide, 2,4‐Dimethylbenzo[h]quinoline, and actinobolin were established as the best bioactive compounds with higher binding affinities (−7.5 to −7.2 kcal/mol) compared to the known drug glibenclamide (−6.3 kcal/mol). In addition, favorable electronic stability and reactivity were found after conducting the DFT calculations. Overall, it can be concluded that the two plant extracts, especially G. procumbens , have promising antihyperglycemic effects and thus can act as good sources of bioactive compounds to be used as novel plant‐based antidiabetic drugs.

Oriental Journal of Chemistry is a peer reviewed quarterly research journal of pure and applied chemistry. It publishes standard research papers in almost all thrust areas of current chemistry of academic and commercial importance. It provides a platform for rapid publication of quality research papers, reviews and chemistry letters. Oriental Journal of Chemistry is abstracted and indexed in almost all reputed National and International agencies.

Background: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. (Oleaceae) is a traditional therapeutic plant, highly used in Ayurveda for a wide range of activities, such as anthelmintic, antipyretic, laxative, rheumatism, skin ailments, and sedative. Aims of the review: This review aims to furnish up-to-date details on botanical characterization, geographical distribution, traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and toxicity of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. with the exploitation of future research on more curative treatments as well. Methods: The available information was reviewed using different e-tools, including PubMed (National Library of Medicine), ScienceDirect, Wiley, Elsevier, Springer. The scientific name is verified from 'The Plant 'List' (www.theplantlist.org) and 'Kew Royal Botanic 'Gardens' (mpns.kew.org). Results: Crude extracts and isolated compounds of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. have been found pharmacologically active as hepatoprotective, anti-leishmaniasis, antiviral, antifungal, antipyretic, antihistaminic, antimalarial, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities it was widely for intermittent fevers and arthritis treatment. The major classes of biologically active compounds are their iridoid, glucosides, essential oils, hydrocarbons, alkaloids, benzofurans, cyclohexylethanoid, fatty acids, sterols, and terpenoid. Conclusions: Phytochemical studies and Nyctanthes arbour-tristis Linn's pharmacological activities indicated it as a potential medicinal plant for various ailments. However, more research is crucial to investigate the mode of action of the plant's bioactive constituents and its therapeutic potential.

Background: One of the essential resources for developing new drugs are naturally derived biologically active lead compounds. Biomedical researchers and pharmaceutical companies are highly interested in these plant-derived molecules to develop the new drug. In this process, collective information of the plants and their phytoconstituents with different properties and descriptors would greatly benefit the researchers to identify the hit, lead or drug-like compound. Aim and Objective: Therefore, the work intended to develop a unique and dynamic database Green- MolBD to provide collective information regarding medicinal plants, such as their profile, chemical constituents, and pharmacological evidence. We also aimed to present information of phytoconstituents, such as in silico description, quantum, drugability and biological target information. Methods: For data mining, we covered all accessible literature and books, and for in silico analysis, we employed a variety of well-known software and servers. The database is integrated by MySQL, HTML, PHP and JavaScript. Results: GreenMolBD is a freely accessible database and searchable by

In Silico Pharmacology provides a forum for research articles at the cross-roads of computation, pharmacology, toxicology and pharmaceutics, and is relevant ...

Background: Brassica oleracea var. Capitata F. Alba (white cabbage) is a cruciferous vegetable which used as a vegetable and traditional medicine all over the world. Different preparation from several parts of the plant - roots, shoots, leaves and the whole plant are used to treat a wide range of diseases including diabetes, cancer, gastric, inflammation, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, bacterial, oxidation, and obesity. Objective: The aim of the current review is to evaluate the botany, distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of B. oleracea var. Capitata. Moreover, this review will guide to fill the existing gaps in information and highlight additional research prospects in the field of phytochemistry and pharmacology. Method: Various resources including research papers, review papers, books and reports were collected to obtain over all information of Brassica oleracea var. Capitata, which were obtained by an online search of worldwide-accepted scientific databases. Phytochemical constituents’ structures were drawn by ChemDraw software. Results: About 72 isolated phytochemical compounds of B. oleracea var. Capitata have been collected from different article, which included different type of compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, organic acids, glucosinolates, steroids, hydrocarbons etc. Crude extracts and phytoconstituents of B. oleracea var. Capitata have various pharmacological effects including antidiabetic, anticancer, antihypertensive, anticholesterolemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiobesity, anticoagulant & hepatoprotective. We have enlisted all these pharmacological data along with all the phytochemical constituents of Brassica oleracea var. Capitata. Conclusion: The study was focused on the traditional uses, pharmacological activities and phytochemistry of Brassica oleracea var. Capitata and the findings indicating that B. oleracea var. Capitata is an important medicinal plant which shows several pharmacological effects. We hope our review on this plant will provide more basic and useful information and fill some research gap for further investigation and drug design. Despite we found some important traditional uses and pharmacological activities of Brassica oleracea var. Capitata there are insufficient work found in the field of phytochemical activities.

Background: Linum usitatissimum or flax has been broadly utilized in numerous milieus worldwide as a primeval medicinal plant because of its health benefits in diverse types of diseases. Objective: The objective of this review is to assemble the latest information on the botanical description, distribution, conventional uses, and biochemical constituents, along with the pharmacological activities and toxicity of flax. Methods: For this purpose, data on Linum was accumulated from scientific journals, books, and worldwide acknowledged scientific databases via a library and electronic search. Results : Phytochemical analysis showed that the major chemical constituents of L. usitatissimum are ω-3 fatty acid, phytoestrogenic-lignans (secoisolariciresinol diglucoside-SDG), phenols, flavonoids, sterols, proteins, antioxidants as well as various soluble and insoluble fibres. Among them, secoisolariciresinol diglucosides (SDG) are the major bioactive compounds of L. usitatissimum with prospective pharmacological accomplishments. Pure compounds and crude extracts isolated from L. usitatissimum exhibited significant anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anti-diarrheal, anti-malarial, hepato-protective, reno-protective, immunosuppressive, antiarrhythmic, and cognitive effects. Studies indicated that the toxicological effect from the consumption of flaxseed is because of its cyanogenic glycosides, linatine, and cadmium, but the level does not seem to be adequately concentrated to contribute to any physiological impact. Conclusions: Further studies are expected to comprehend the detailed mode of action of its dynamic constituents as potent therapeutics and to completely reveal its preventive and healing potentials.

Background: Adhatoda vasica (Nees.) of the family Acanthaceae has been used in the Southeast tropical zone as it is efficacious against headache, colds, cough, whooping cough, fever, asthma, dyspnea, phthisis, jaundice, chronic bronchitis, and diarrhea. It exhibits commendable pharmacological activities. Objective: The aim of the review is to provide a systematic overview of pharmacological activities with toxicity and clinical assessment, phytochemistry of A. vasica along with its characterization, geographical observation, phenology, traditional uses as well as an organized representation of the findings. Methods: The overall information of A. vasica was collected from various resources, including books, review papers, research papers, and reports which were obtained from an online search of globallyaccepted scientific databases. ChemDraw software was used to draw the compound’s structure. Results: Phytochemical review on A. vasica has led to the collection of 233 compounds of different types such as alkaloids, flavonoids, essential oils, terpenoids, fatty acids, phenols, etc. It is a promising source of potential phytopharmaceutical agent that exhibits diverse pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, hepatoprotective, anti-ulcer, abortifacient, antiviral, antiinflammatory, thrombolytic, hypoglycemic, anti-tubercular, antioxidant, and antitussive activities. Conclusions: The sufficient number of studies on ethno-pharmacology, traditional uses and pharmacological activities of A. vasica are conducted. Furthermore, it is necessary to study the activity of chemical constituents for new drug design and discovery from natural products.

Background: Enhydra fluctuans Lour, a tropical herb, commonly known as helencha or harkuch, belongs to the family Asteraceae. It is an edible semi-aquatic herbaceous vegetable plant with serrate leaves and grows commonly in different parts of the world. Enhydra fluctuans possesses potential pharmacological role against inflammation, cancer, diarrhea, microbial infection, diabetes, etc. Aim: This review aims to provide the most current information on the botanical characterization, distribution, traditional uses, chemical constituents, as well as the pharmacological activities of Enhydra fluctuans Lour. Materials and Methods: The recently updated information on Enhydra fluctuans was gathered from scientific journals, books, and worldwide accepted scientific databases via a library and electronic search PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Springer, Scopus, Web of Science, Wiley online library. All of the full-text articles and abstracts related to Enhydra were screened. The most important and relevant articles were carefully chosen for study in this review. Results: Crude extracts and isolated compounds of Enhydra fluctuans Lour have been reported to be pharmacologically active against cytoprotective, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiarrheal, antihelmintic, CNS depressant, hepatoprotective, thrombolytic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, phagocytic and cytotoxic, and neuroprotective potential activities. Discussion: Phytochemical analysis from different studies has reported Germacranolide, Sesquiterpene lactone, Flavonoid, Essential oil, Steroid, Diterpenoid, Melampolide, Sesquiterpene lactone, and Isoflavone glycoside as major compounds of Enhydra fluctuans Lour. Conclusions: However, more research is needed to explore the mode of action of bioactive components of the plant and its therapeutic capabilities.

Lactobacillus and Lactococcus species found in the yogurt of different sources are most widely assayed and used all over the world as a probiotic agent. This study aimed to isolate and identify novel probiotic agents with therapeutic value against diarrhea. Initially, the probiotic properties of the isolated lactic acid bacteria from the yogurt samples of the Chittagong division, Bangladesh, were evaluated. All probiotic candidates inhibited the growth of selected pathogens, including Escheriachia coli , Serratia sp. Salmonella paratyphi , Streptococcus Group-B, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophillus influenzae, Bacillus subtillis , and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Lactococcus lactis subsp lactis were found most useful in inhibiting all the selected pathogens. When the probiotics were applied against castor oil-induced diarrhea in the rat model, Lactococcus lactis subspecies lactis and Lactococcus piscium were found significantly effective relative to the controls indicating their potentiality as an alternative therapeutic against diarrhea. Highlights: Lactococcus lactis subspecies lactis and Lactococcus piscium has shown potentiality to be a therapeutic agent against castor-oil induced diarrhea in an animal model. Lactococcus lactis subspecies lactis and Lactococcus piscium inhibited the growth of specified pathogens.