Suziana Ahmad

Water quality monitoring is vital for protecting aquatic ecosystems and ensuring sustainable water resource management. Traditional manual sampling methods are often costly, time-consuming, and unsuitable for real-time assessment. This study presents a newly designed solar-powered IoT-based water quality monitoring system for remote and continuous data collection. The system utilizes an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with pH, temperature, and total dissolved solids (TDS) sensors, powered by a 10W solar panel. Data is transmitted to a cloud-based platform wirelessly, enabling remote access and visualization via a mobile app. Performance evaluation included descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA across four sampling sites. ANOVA results showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in water quality parameters among locations, confirming the system’s sensitivity. Sensor accuracy was validated against standard meters, revealing mean relative errors below 5% for pH and TDS. The system reliably provides real-time, accurate data, supporting proactive water quality management. Integrating IoT with renewable energy offers a cost-effective, scalable, and energy-efficient solution for environmental monitoring in remote or resource-limited areas.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) test is used to record the electrical activity of a human heart for determining any problems with irregular heartbeat patterns and other cardiovascular conditions. This project deals with the implementation of an Internet of things (IoT) enabled ECG monitoring system with solar supply that can identify heart rate deviations from normal values (40 BPM, 80 BPM and 120 BMP) utilizing simulated ECG signals. The ECG data acquisition is done by using KL-76001 biomedical measurement training system, KL-75001 ECG module and multiparameter simulator MS400. The acquired ECG signals are processed through Python software to detect R-peaks and R-R interval. The counts of these R-R peaks are utilized in conjunction with the Blynk IoT platform, employing an ESP8266 module for monitoring via a mobile application and LCD display. The system was tested for detecting and monitoring three heart conditions which are bradycardia, normal, and tachycardia and successfully demonstrated alert capabilities for these conditions.

Manufacturing industries often face challenges in optimizing machine performance due to the limitations of traditional downtime monitoring methods, which are time-consuming and prone to errors. The lack of real-time capabilities in these methods leads to delayed identification and resolution of machine issues, ultimately affecting productivity. This research aims to develop a real-time machine downtime monitoring system that leverages sensors, vision systems, and LabVIEW software to enhance the detection and analysis of production line performance. The system uses image processing techniques for product quality assessment, enabling the detection of good and defective products, and integrates vibration sensors to monitor equipment conditions. The Arduino microcontroller is employed to manage sensor data and motor functions, while LabVIEW software facilitates real-time visualization and data analysis. The system demonstrated high accuracy in detecting both product defects and equipment vibrations, although sensitivity to lighting conditions and low-powered motors presents areas for future improvement. The integration of this system into production lines has the potential to significantly reduce downtime and improve operational efficiency, contributing to more automated and reliable industrial processes.

This investigation proposes the utilization of diverse dielectric materials to reduce electric field emissions in shielded capacitive coupler for wireless power transfer. To identify the most influential dielectric materials in minimizing electric field emissions, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted. The dielectric materials incorporated in this proposed initiative encompass rubber, glass, FR4, halowax, air, mineral oil, and paper. These dielectrics served as separators between the coupler and the shielding plate. The work demonstrates the electric field emissions at various values in distinct locations of the exposure area, encompassing the top, bottom, and side of the coupler. The result shows the air is the most suitable insulator among all dielectric materials.

The disposal of trash into bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, and oceans, is a significant environmental concern with detrimental effects on ecosystems and human welfare. Single-use plastics, such as bottles, bags, and packaging materials, are among the most common types of trash found due to their durability and slow degradation. Therefore, the Water Surface Cleaning Robot with Trash Monitoring System is proposed. The robot is developed to collect trash on the water’s surface and display the entire process by using live streaming. The purpose of the project is to develop the robot movement and trash collector mechanism and to collect data on trash collection using IoT. The proposed robot is controlled by RC controller and consists of several parts namely the ESP32-WiFi, camera, and Internet of Things (IoT) system.Live streaming will allow the robot’s operations to be observed and evaluated. The result shows the robot is able to detect and collect trash and show live streaming during the process. The collected data on trash collection can be viewed a laptop and mobile phone.

This study proposes a Centralized IoT-based Process Cycle Time Monitoring System (CTMS) to improve the efficiency and accuracy of line balancing studies in a production line with a conveyor system. The traditional approach of measuring cycle time, typically done by manual observation and recording, can be prone to errors due to human factors such as fatigue or inaccuracies in manual recording. The proposed CTMS utilizes a combination of cutting-edge technologies such as a cloud database, android application, LABVIEW GUI, analogue infrared (IR) sensors, and appropriate controllers to improve the reliability of cycle time measurements. The system continuously monitors the production line and provides real-time data on cycle time, downtime, and other relevant metrics, allowing production engineers to quickly identify bottlenecks and areas for improvement. The results of the study demonstrate the potential of the CTMS to be applied and expanded to actual production lines with conveyor systems, providing a valuable tool for production engineers to develop strategies to reduce cycle time and ensure it is kept in check. The proposed CTMS is expected to have a positive impact on the efficiency and profitability of the production line by reducing downtime and increasing productivity.

This paper proposes a system for efficient object recognition based on colour and shape features using a webcam and LabVIEW. The study aims to develop a model scale conveyor belt system for Lego brick sorting based on colour and shape. The proposed system uses the webcam and LabVIEW's graphical programming environment to capture and analyse images, extract colour and shape features, and perform object recognition. An Arduino microcontroller, integrated with LabVIEW software, is used to move the servo and motor of the conveyor belt sorting system based on the analysed image capture from the webcam. The proposed system has the potential to be applied in real-world applications such as the food industry, particularly in fruit and vegetable sorting which will help reduce the amount of time and labour needed for manual sorting and food waste by ensuring that only good quality produce is sold. Another potential real-world application for the proposed system is quality control and defect detection in the manufacturing industry. The system proposed in this paper can sort objects using object recognition based on the object's colour and shape features, with the overall system average reliability percentage is 90%. Overall, the system is applicable in real-world applications if the limitations mentioned are overcome and improved by integrating with the Internet of Things (IOT) for a long-range monitoring system.

In this study, we propose a four-plate structure with two shielding plates to produce shielded capacitive power transfer (S-CPT) at an operating frequency of 6.78 MHz for a 10 W system. By eliminating the inductors at the secondary side to form an asymmetrical topology, an S-CPT system was developed with a class-E power amplifier. Using MATLAB software, analysis was performed to obtain the parameters in the S-CPT system regarding resonance and impedance matching, and the proposed coupler structure was investigated through electric field simulation. The shield plate voltage stability was also investigated by analysing both the simulation and hardware experiment results. A prototype of S-CPT was established to validate the analysis results and to demonstrate the voltage at the shield plate of the proposed coupler structure. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results. The proposed S-CPT exhibits an AC–AC efficiency of 84%, with a 56% voltage ground stability reduction because of implementing a balun.

Capacitive power transfer (CPT) offers power transfer between transmitter and receiver by using plates. This work purposes to model, analyze and design a CPT system for shielded capacitive power transfer (S-CPT) by inductance consideration. The inductance in S-CPT contributes to the power loss and the overall system’s size and weight. Total impedance with analytical approach is utilized to analyze the S-CPT system by using Matlab software. The proposed S-CPT topology is designed with operating frequency of 6.78 MHz for 5W. Both simulation and experimental are demonstrated for the S-CPT system.

A capacitive power transfer (CPT) system wirelessly transfers energy between coupling plates and performance issues related to CPT systems are resonance conditions, matching impedance, voltage stress, and power loss. A generalized circuit model is proposed for shielded capacitive power transfer (S-CPT) using an algebraic method. The proposed generalized S-CPT model is analyzed based on the symmetric and asymmetric configurations, and the relationship between the parameters of S-CPT is obtained with respect to the resonance condition, matching impedance, voltage stress, and efficiency. The best configuration of a symmetric S-CPT is recommended, and an asymmetric S-CPT is proposed based on the analysis results. Asymmetric-S-CPT hardware was constructed and demonstrated an operating frequency of 13.56 MHz. The hardware experimental result shows the validity and effectiveness of the proposed generalized model for designing S-CPT.