Munirakhon Akhmatkhon Qizi Mamatkhanova

The processes of selecting optimal conditions for the extraction of esters of terpenoid alcohols, purification of the extract from accompanying substances, and drying have been studied. For the extraction of esters of terpenoid alcohols from the aerial parts of F. tenuisecta, F. kuhistanica, F. angrenii, and F. tchimganica, a method of triple extraction of raw materials with 70% ethyl alcohol with forced circulation of the extractant at room temperature was chosen. To purify esters of terpenoid alcohols from lipophilic and hydrophilic substances, a purification method has been proposed that consists of condensing the extract, diluting it with water (1 : 1), five-fold treatment with extraction gasoline, followed by extraction of esters of terpenoid alcohols by five-fold extraction with ethyl acetate. To purify esters of terpenoid alcohols from accompanying substances that impart a green color, it is necessary to carry out the following processes: thickening the ethyl acetate extract to a constant weight, dissolving the thick mass with 70% ethyl alcohol and treating the alcohol solution with activated carbon in an amount of 3% of the dry weight of the extractive substances for 6 hours with constant stirring. A unified technology has been developed for the production of estrogenic substances tenestrol, kufestrol, chimfestrol, and fangestrol from the aerial parts of F. tenuisecta, F. kuhistanica, F. angrenii, F. tcimganica. The reproducibility of the developed technologies was proven with the production of substances in 5 series having the same characteristics, and stage-by-stage control was carried out. It has been established that using the developed technology, the yield of esters of terpenoid alcohols is more than 82.0% of the content in the raw material. The main losses of esters of terpenoid alcohols are observed when treating the water-vat residue with extraction gasoline.

In order to establish optimal drying modes for an aqueous extract from the aboveground part of Scutellaria adenostegia, the following parameters were studied: solution concentration; solution feed rate; temperature of the drying agent at the inlet and outlet; pressure when the solution is fed into the drying chamber. It was found that in order to obtain a dry extract from the aboveground part of Scutellaria adenostegia, antihypoxic action, an aqueous extract obtained with water at a temperature of 60 ° C must be concentrated to a content of 15% of dry substances and dried in a spray dryer of the nozzle type at the temperature of the drying agent at the inlet – 180 °C, outlet – 80 °C, the feed of the solution at 5 l/h *m3 and at a pressure of 0.2 MPa. This mode provides an output of 17% dry extract.

В результате фармакологических исследований выявлено, что сумма флавоноидов из надземной части растения Scutellaria comosa (шлемник хохлатый, семейство Lamiaceae) обладает адаптогенным и противогипоксическим действиями. Для внедрения в медицинскую практику препарата на основе суммы флавоноидов проведены исследования по стандартизации сырья – надземной части шлемника хохлатого. Анализ растительного сырья методами ТСХ и ВЭЖХ показал, что доминирующим флавоноидом надземной части шлемника хохлатого является изоскутеллареин 7-O-β-D-глюкопиранозид. Разработана дифференциальная спектрофотометрическая методика количественного определения суммы флавоноидов надземной части шлемника хохлатого в пересчете на изоскутеллареин 7-O-β-D-глюкопиранозид. Оптимальными параметрами экстракции растительного сырья являются: извлечение 70% этиловым спиртом на кипящей водяной бане в течение 60 мин в соотношении «сырье–экстрагент» – 1 : 100, степень измельчения сырья – 2 мм. Установлено, что при дифференциальном варианте спектрофотометрического анализа система флавоноиды – AlCl₃ достигает равновесия через 40 мин. Максимум дифференциального спектра поглощения спиртового извлечения Scutellaria comosa наблюдается при 346 нм и может быть использован для анализа данной группы соединений. Содержание суммы флавоноидов в надземной части шлемника хохлатого варьирует от 9.72 до 10.27%. С целью установления оптимального времени заготовки растительного сырья определено содержание суммы флавоноидов по периодам вегетации растения в пересчете на изоскутеллареин 7-O-β-D-глюкопиранозид и определено, что максимальное накопление суммы флавоноидов наблюдается в период цветения (10.13% от массы воздушно-сухого сырья).

The differences in the composition of essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of six Ferula species viz., F. caratavica (Fc), F. kuchistanica (Fk), F. pseudoreoselinum (Fp), F. samarcandica (Fs), F. tenuisecta (Ft) and F. varia (Fv) were detected both qualitatively and semi-quantitatively using GC-MS and GC-FID analyses. One hundred and six metabolites were identified that account for 92.1, 96.43, 87.43, 95.95, 92.90 and 89.48% of Fc, Fk, Fp, Fs, Ft and Fv whole essential oils, respectively. The data from the GC-MS analyses were subjected to unsupervised pattern recognition chemometric analysis utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) to improve the visualization of such differences among the six species. Fk and Ft are very closely related to each other and were gathered together in one cluster. The antioxidant potential was assessed in vitro using different assays including 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing power (FRAP) and phosphomolybdenum (PM) assays. Ft and Fp exhibited the most notable antioxidant properties as evidenced by their pronounced activities in most of the antioxidant assays performed, followed by Fc. Fk showed the most effective tyrosinase inhibitory potential, which was estimated as 119.67 mgKAE/g oil, while Fp exhibited the most potent α-amylase inhibitory potential, which was equivalent to 2.61 mmol ACAE/g oil. Thus, it was concluded that Ferula species could serve as a promising natural antioxidant drug that could be included in different products and spices to alleviate hyperglycemia and used as a natural ingredient in pharmaceutical cosmetics to counteract hyperpigmentation.