Yi-Chang Liao

The genus Triozidus Li, 1994 stat. rev., sensu novo has a complex history. Here we redefine the genus as a natural group with two new species from Taiwan, Triozidus burckhardti Liao & Percy sp. nov. from the southernmost peninsula, and Triozidus yangorum Liao & Percy sp. nov. from the central and northern mountain region. In addition, we redescribe the type species, Triozidus stackelbergi (Loginova, 1967) comb. nov. and Triozidus ukogi (Shinji, 1940) comb. nov., and we propose new combinations for a further two species as follows: Triozidus ceratophorus (Li, 2005) comb. nov. and Triozidus eleutherococci (Konovalova, 1980) comb. nov.; all new combinations except the latter are transferred from Heterotrioza Dobreanu & Manolache, and T. eleutherococci from Trioza Foerster. All but one Triozidus species with confirmed host plants are known to produce enclosed galls on Eleutherococcus (Araliaceae): Triozidus stackelbergi produces round galls on the leaf surface of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus or more variably on leaf petioles, flowers, fruits and twigs of E. divaricatus; T. ukogi produces spindle-shaped galls on the leaf petioles or petiolules of E. spinosus; and T. yangorum produces round galls on the petiolules of the compound leaves or leaf bases of Eleutherococcus trifoliatus; T. burckhardti appears to share the same host plant and similar galling biology as T. yangorum. The description of T. yangorum and redescriptions of T. stackelbergi and T. ukogi are based on adults and immatures, and the immatures of T. stackelbergi and T. ukogi are described for the first time. Additionally, we provide new host and distribution records for T. stackelbergi in Japan. We provide identification keys for both adults and immatures, DNA barcode data for four of the six species, and an annotated mitochondrial genome for T. yangorum.

Trioza burckhardti sp. nov., a new species of jumping plant lice (Hemiptera: Triozidae) from Taiwan, is described and illustrated based on both adults and immatures. The latter induce leaf-curling galls on the shoots and flowers of Helicia spp. (Proteaceae) in Taiwan. This is the first recorded triozid species associated with Proteaceae in the Northern Hemisphere.

Both intensive farming of paddy field crops and conventional farm management techniques have been a major cause of environmental issues in recent years. A more ecosystem-based, sustainable agricultural methodology should be utilized to help solve this dilemma. However, the joint effects of landscape and farming on arthropod communities in paddy fields are unexplored. In eco-friendly paddy fields, we postulate the arthropod diversity to be higher in fields that use ecosystem-based methods. In this study, we collected arthropods monthly using a blower-vac during the first rice crop of 2019 in Taiwan. A total of 53,522 individuals of 14 orders, 96 families, and 445 morphospecies were collected. All arthropods were identified into four functional groups. The result showed that insect communities are different between sustainable and conventional fields. Results showed that sustainable fields had a higher abundance of arthropod fauna than conventional fields. It was also apparent that the arthropod community changed along with the developmental growth of rice and in different areas. Three functional groups, viz., herbivores, parasitoids, and detritivores, present the best model when the farming type was assigned as the fixed effect, while the predator reveal the best model when the farming type, landscape, and their interaction were assigned as the fixed effects. The arthropod communities have also been affected by the surrounding landscape. This study reveals that both agricultural management and landscape can have a joint effect on arthropod communities in paddy fields.

The triozid genus Petalolyma Scott, 1882 is reviewed, and the monotypic genus Torulus Li, 1991, syn. nov., is considered a junior subjective synonym. Torulus sinicus is transferred to Petalolyma as P. sinica (Li, 1991), comb. nov., producing a secondary homonym of P. sinica Yang & Li, 1984, for which the replacement name Petalolyma lii Liao & Burckhardt, nomen nov. is proposed here. Adults and fifth instar immatures of Petalolyma vittata Liao & Burckhardt, sp. nov. are described and illustrated. The new species induces marginal fold galls on leaves of Ilex ficoidea (Aquifoliaceae). The previously unknown male and female of P. lii and P. nigra, respectively, are described and illustrated, and Petalolyma castanopsis Li & Yang, 1991 and P. fujianensis Li & Yang, 1999, syn. nov., are synonymised. Petalolyma hyalina (Kuwayama, 1910) is considered a nomen dubium as the original description is not diagnostic and the type material cannot be found. Hence, Petalolyma currently includes 13 valid species whose host plant and biogeographic patterns are briefly discussed. Identification keys for the adults and fifth instar immatures are provided for the Taiwanese species.

Trioza turouguei sp. nov., a new species of jumping plant lice (Hemiptera, Triozidae) from Taiwan, is described and illustrated based on adults and immatures. The latter induce pea-shaped galls on the stems of Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh. (Lauraceae). The gall phenology of the new species is described. A list of species of Triozidae associated with Cinnamomum in the Old World is provided. The following nomenclatorial acts are proposed: Trioza inflata Li, 1992 = Trioza xiangicamphorae Li, 1992, syn. nov.; Siphonaleyrodes formosanus Takahashi, 1932, stat. rev., is removed from synonymy with Trioza cinnamomi (Boselli, 1931).