Sonapreetha Mohan Radha

A single-feed broadband quasi-isotropic antenna was designed for non-line-of-sight (NLOS) wireless sensor networks. The proposed antenna is based on a combination of fork-shaped crossed dipoles. It shows the broadband of quasi-isotropic radiation characteristics with high radiation efficiency. The electrical size ka of the proposed antenna is 0.94 with respect to its lower operating frequency. Its profile is also extremely thin at 0.0015λ. The impedance is matched from 1.8 to 4.3 GHz, or an 81.9% fractional bandwidth, whereas the maximum gain deviation ranging from 6.2 to 9.2 dB for the quasi-isotropic radiation is achieved from 1.8 to 3.6 GHz with a 10 dB criterion, which is close to the impedance bandwidth. The performance from the computed expectations is verified, as it shows a gain deviation of 8.4–9.8 dB from 1.9 to 3.3 GHz with an 80% fractional impedance bandwidth. The proposed antenna also shows good spatial coverage of circular polarization at high frequencies. Lastly, the received power level performance of the proposed antenna is tested under the NLOS condition, which shows a higher level compared to the linearly polarized, broadband omni-directional monopole antenna.

This paper presents a high-frequency model of a brushless DC motor to predict its radiated emission (RE) through high-frequency simulations of electromagnetic fields. The main RE noise path of the device-under-test (DUT) motor is specified as the stator winding, and its accurate high-frequency model in a full-wave EM simulator is proven by a two-port T-network. We analyze the induced surface current distribution according to the air ventilation hole shapes of the rotor housing and calculate the radiated electric field intensity using the high-frequency model of the DUT motor. The expected difference in the radiated electric field intensity by the hole configuration from the simulation model is verified experimentally.

In this paper, we propose a ferrite-loaded inverted microstrip line (IML)-based artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) with a novel design that can provide complete magnetic shielding at the backside of the transmitting (Tx) coil while slightly improving the power transfer efficiency (PTE) of a wireless power transfer system (WPTS). The target frequency of the WPTS application is approximately 6.78 MHz. In the proposed design, the AMC is placed behind the Tx coil, and its magnetic shielding capability and PTE performance were verified through simulations and measurements. The size of the proposed AMC is 528 × 528 × 6.6 mm³. The measurement results verified that, compared with the Tx coil without an AMC surface, the proposed ferrite-loaded IML-based AMC can provide complete magnetic shielding while improving the PTE of the WPTS by approximately 8.05%.

Quasi-isotropic antennas are promising candidates due to their applications in modern communication systems, where full spatial coverage and/or uniform signal reception is required. In this work, an in-depth review of quasi-isotropic antennas is presented, with the aim of understanding the working principles of such antennas and presenting the recent advancements, challenges, and solutions offered by various researchers. First, different design techniques adopted to achieve quasi-isotropic patterns, such as the use of complementary dipoles, multiple monopoles or dipoles, and an array of discrete elements are discussed. Then, different types of quasi-isotropic antennas—for example, planar, electrically small, 3-D printed, dual-band/wideband, circularly polarized, metamaterial-inspired, and dielectric resonator-based quasi-isotropic antennas—are revisited. Their applications in various technologies, such as RFID, energy harvesting, wireless sensor networks, and the IoT, are briefly explained. Lastly, different key performance parameters, such as complexity of configuration, design approach, physical profile, far field and radiation characteristics, reflection coefficients, operating frequency and bandwidth, gain deviation, and fabrication process, are discussed and tabulated. This review not only provides a guideline but will also help antenna engineers in designing a quasi-isotropic antenna with desirable performance.

This letter presents a compact triple-band antenna composed of a spiral radiator with an open-ended slot at the ground for human head-implantable wireless communications. It operates simultaneously at a Medical Implant Communications Service (MICS) band (402-405 MHz), a Wireless Medical Telemetry Service (WMTS) band (1427-1432 MHz), and an Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band (2400-2480 MHz). The proposed antenna has a thin profile of 0.5 mm with a volume of 197 mm ³ . Semisolid phantoms are used for the design and experimental validation, and detailed parameter studies are carried out to determine the working principles of the antenna. Based on simulations and measurements, it was found that the proposed antenna covers all the desired frequency bands with comparably high boresight gains given its compact dimensions.

A novel design of an electrically small, dual-band quasi-isotropic antenna with a microstrip balun is presented. A quasi-isotropic radiation pattern is realized from the total current flow over the proposed structure at two different frequency bands. The electrical size ka of the antenna is 0.49 with an extremely thin profile of 0.0014g. The antenna measurements reveal good uniformity of the radiation pattern with a maximum gain deviation of 5.83 dB at 942 MHz and 8.24 dB at 1.71 GHz with 57% and 95% radiation efficiency, respectively. The radiation performance of the antenna is also verified through wireless power receiving experiments in an office non-line-of-sight environment.

The performance of wireless networks can be greatly influenced by the radiation pattern and polarization of the antennas at the nodes, especially when they are under non-line-of-sight (NLOS) channel environments. In this study, we designed a planar quasi-isotropic antenna based on the combination of a meandered electric dipole and an electrically small loop at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. Its electrical size (ka) is 0.47 and shows a gain deviation of 3.01 dB with radiation efficiency of 82.6% per the simulation. The performance of a wireless link under the line-of-sight and NLOS channels in an indoor environment was measured using the proposed quasi-isotropic antenna as a receiving antenna after validating its radiation and impedance properties experimentally (the measured gain deviation: 5.2 dB, the measured radiation efficiency: 79.2%). This study demonstrates that better properties are achieved using the quasi-isotropic antenna. The quasi-isotropic antenna shows an improved packet delivery ratio (PDR) and received signal strength indicator (RSSI) compared to the results using omni-directional antennas as a transmitting and receiving pair in the NLOS channels. To the best of our knowledge, the experimental validation of the enhancement of wireless link reliability using a quasi-isotropic antenna has not been reported before, and was first carried out in this study.

An electrically small, extremely thin Huygens source antenna with an end-fire radiation characteristic is presented. It is composed of planar electric and magnetic dipoles that are simultaneously fed by a single feed line. The proposed antenna shows a directivity of 4.66 dB, very close to the value achievable by the magneto-electric dipole antenna configuration, with a low profile of -0/103 and an electrical size ka of 0.47. The radiation efficiency is 71.1%. The prototype is built, and the simulated results are successfully verified experimentally.