Qi-Yan Lv

Polyene sulfonamides are an important class of bioactive molecules with potential applications in antimicrobial and antioxidant functional materials.

Camphor, a naturally occurring bicyclic monoterpenoid, has attracted increasing interest as a structural scaffold for the construction of fluorescent probes owing to its rigid framework, facile functionalization, and favorable biocompatibility. In recent years, a variety of camphor‐derived fluorescent probes have been developed for the detection of metal ions, reactive biological species, microenvironmental factors, and environmental contaminants. This review summarizes recent advances in camphor‐based fluorescent probes reported from 2019 to early 2026. According to their target analytes, these probes are classified into four categories: metal cations, reactive biological species, microenvironmental factors, and environmental contaminants. Their molecular design strategies, synthetic routes, fluorescence sensing mechanisms, and representative analytical applications are systematically discussed. Representative sensing mechanisms, including photoinduced electron transfer (PET), intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), are also introduced. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives for the development of camphor‐based fluorescent probes are discussed, including fluorophore design, sensing mechanisms, near‐infrared emission, and practical applications in complex biological and environmental systems. This review provides an overview of recent progress in camphor‐based fluorescent probes and may serve as a useful reference for future research in this field.

Low-energy red-light catalysis has garnered increasing attention for synthetic applications, due to its strong penetration ability, high reaction selectivity, and low safety risks, yet it confronts critical material-level challenges in terms of organic photocatalysts particularly with respect to photobleaching and insufficient red-light absorption. Meanwhile, the development of greener, red-light-driven aqueous-phase synthesis encounters significant thermodynamic barriers, posing substantial challenges to its practical feasibility. Here, we report a rational design of water-compatible, red-light-responsive polymeric NI photocatalysts by integrating hydrophilic polyether chains, electron-donating thiophene units, and NI cores into a single framework architecture. The optimal polymer, poly-Thio-NI-1, exhibits high activity in water under red light for diverse organic transformations. It allows gram-scale synthesis under natural sunlight and can be reused at least five times without significant loss of activity. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction proceeds via an electron-transfer pathway to oxygen, generating superoxide radical anions. Theoretical calculations reveal that the enhanced performance originates from a narrowed band gap due to polymerization, improved oxygen adsorption, and increased Bader charge. This work provides a general design strategy for metal-free, red-light-absorbing polymeric photocatalysts and establishes NI-based polymers as a versatile platform for aqueous photochemical synthesis.

This review highlights the recent advances in photoinduced palladium-catalyzed cyclization reactions, categorized by distinct mechanistic pathways.

Ionic liquids (ILs) offer high designability for catalyst engineering. This review summarizes IL-based photocatalysts, including LMCT-type, SET-type, and HAT-type, along with their photocatalytic transformations.

Perylenediimide (PDI)-based photocatalysts constitute a transformative breakthrough in synthetic chemistry, distinguished by their unique dual-photon activation mechanism that surpasses conventional single-photon systems.

Combined use of different drugs and therapy modes has been effective in improving tumor therapy efficiency and reducing side effects. However, synergistic anticancer efficiency and highly responsive drug release still remain challenging. Herein, we found that camptothecin (CPT), doxycycline (DOXY), and IR780 exhibit a synergistic anticancer effect on CT26 colorectal cancer cells. Thereafter, a redox dual-responsive CPT/DOXY hybrid dimer, CPT-SeSe-DOXY, was synthesized via the -SeSe- linkage. As a control, CPT-SS-DOXY was also synthesized. Both dimers were able to self-assemble with IR780 and DSPE-PEG-iRGD into multifunctional, stimuli-responsive, aqueous-dispersible, and spherical nanoparticles (NPs) with diameters of 83-87 nm. The C-SeSe-D/I/RGD NPs showed significantly stronger responsiveness to glutathione, H₂O₂, and near-infrared (NIR) lasers, reflected by dramatically higher responsive drug release ratios and stronger generation of ¹O₂ upon NIR laser irradiation, than the C-SS-D/I/RGD NPs. They can be highly taken up by CT26 cells, while hardly taken up by normal colorectal cells. In addition, they exhibited a very efficacious killing property against CT26 cells. The cell viability with C-SeSe-D/I/RGD NPs (with NIR laser) at 4.0 μg·mL^-1 equivalent CPT at hypoxic conditions reached as low as ∼7.8%. The treatment can induce strong mitochondrial depolarization, ATP depletion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and therefore high cell apoptosis, even in hypoxic cultures. They can highly accumulate in tumors and lead to as high as 90.8% tumor growth inhibition under an NIR laser. Collectively, the C-SeSe-D/I/RGD NPs possess sensitive multistimuli-responsive capabilities and efficacious chemo/photothermal/photodynamic combined tumor therapy, exhibiting great potential in clinical applications.