Rulman Andrei Franco-Jimenez

Introduction: Workplace mobbing is a psychosocial risk factor associated with adverse mental health outcomes, including depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Accurate assessment of this phenomenon is essential for both research and applied settings; however, validated brief instruments in Spanish remain limited. The Luxembourg Workplace Mobbing Scale (LWMS) is a short measure with sound psychometric properties that allows efficient evaluation of exposure to workplace mobbing. Objective: Translation and validation of the LWMS into Spanish in adults. Methods: A total of 345 adults (51.3% women) participated, completing a sociodemographic questionnaire and psychological instruments. Statistical analyses were conducted using structural equation modelling and item response theory. Results: The LWMS demonstrated adequate content validity; a unidimensional structure (CFI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.04 [90% CI: 0.001, 0.092], SRMR = 0.02); and reliability (ω = 0.79, H = 0.86 and r_xx = 0.78). In addition, significant associations were found with depressive symptoms (r = 0.37, p = 0.001), generalised anxiety (r = 0.38, p = 0.001), and suicidal ideation (r = 0.27, p = 0.001). Item 2 showed the highest discrimination and information, and the scale proved to be accurate at higher levels of workplace mobbing. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the LWMS shows solid evidence of validity and reliability, supporting its use as a brief and precise instrument for assessing workplace mobbing in adult populations. Its strong psychometric performance and clinical relevance make it suitable for research, screening, and preventive interventions in occupational settings.

Introduction: Gratitude is associated with psychological well-being and reduced psychopathology; however, the widely used Gratitude Questionnaire-6 (GQ-6) has shown inconsistent psychometric performance across cultures, particularly due to Item 6. In Latin America, evidence suggests that the abbreviated GQ-5 performs better, but no validation study has been conducted in the Peruvian context. Objective: This study examined the psychometric properties of the Gratitude Questionnaire-6 (GQ-6) and its revised version, the Gratitude Questionnaire-5 (GQ-5), in a sample of 444 Peruvian college students. Method: Participants completed the Spanish version of the Gratitude Questionnaire adapted by Quezada Berumen et al. (2023), along with additional measures to assess convergent validity. We conducted Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to evaluate the dimensional structure and model fit. We also assessed measurement invariance by sex and internal consistency. Results: The GQ-6 demonstrated poor fit indices; therefore, we removed Item 6, and the remaining items constituted the GQ-5. The initial GQ-5 model still required modifications; correlating the error terms between Items 4 and 5 yielded a good fit (χ²(4) = 8.762, CFI = 0.998, RMSEA = 0.052, TLI = 0.995, SRMR = 0.018). The final GQ-5 model demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (ω = 0.73) and measurement invariance across sex. It also showed good convergent validity, correlating positively with self-efficacy (r = 0.31), mindfulness (r = 0.34), and well-being (r = 0.20), and negatively with depression (r = –0.26). Conclusion: This adaptation underscores the importance of cultural adjustments and supports the GQ-5 as a reliable tool for assessing gratitude among Peruvian students in research and clinical contexts.

Background: Nightmares are a type of sleep disorder characterised by vivid and distressing dreams that cause abrupt awakenings, leading to significant discomfort. In adults, recurrent nightmares can negatively impact quality of life, daytime functioning, and overall mental health. In this context, it is essential to have valid, reliable, and culturally appropriate psychological instruments that allow for an accurate assessment of this phenomenon. The aim of the present study was to translate and validate the Nightmare Disorder Index (NDI) into Spanish for use with Peruvian adults. Methods: A total of 507 adults (66.7% women) participated by completing a sociodemographic questionnaire and psychological instruments. Statistical analyses were conducted using structural equation modelling and item response theory. Results: The NDI demonstrated adequate content validity (V > 0.70), a unidimensional structure (CFI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.06 [90% CI: 0.030, 0.102], SRMR = 0.03), and reliability (ω = 0.84, H = 0.94, r_xx = 0.79). In addition, invariance was observed across sex, and significant associations were found with depressive symptoms, generalised anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Item 3 showed the highest discrimination and information, and the scale proved to be accurate at higher levels of nightmare severity. Conclusions: The NDI presents adequate psychometric properties for the inference and interpretation of scores in the assessment of nightmares. Its use is recommended in both professional practice and research with the adult general population.

Background: The increasing use of smartphones has raised concerns about problematic use and its impact on mental health. Assessing smartphone addiction requires valid and reliable instruments, such as the Test of Mobile Phone Dependence Brief (TMDbrief), which has been widely used in various cultural contexts. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the TMDbrief, including its factorial structure, internal consistency, measurement invariance across gender, and convergent validity with depression and phubbing behaviors in Peruvian university students. Method: In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 954 students completed the TMDbrief, the PHQ-9 to assess depression, and the Phubbing Scale to measure phone-related social disruptions. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested the four-factor structure, and McDonald's omega assessed internal consistency. Measurement invariance across gender was examined to ensure the instrument's applicability in both male and female students. Result: CFA confirmed the four-factor structure (χ²(48) = 320.31, CFI = .983, TLI = .977, RMSEA = .077, SRMR = .029). Internal consistency was strong, with McDonald’s ω between .80 and .85; CR ranged from .80 to .86 and AVE from .57 to .67, indicating adequate convergence. Measurement invariance across gender was confirmed, and convergent validity was supported by moderate correlations with depression and phubbing behaviors. Conclusion: The TMDbrief is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing smartphone addiction among Peruvian university students, supporting its use in research, early detection, and intervention development.

El objetivo del estudio fue traducir el Bedtime Procastination Scale (BPS) al español y evaluar sus propiedades psicométricas. Participó una muestra de 419 estudiantes de tres universidades peruanas. Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio para evaluar el modelo original de la escala, el cual inicialmente mostró índices de ajuste pobres. Se obtuvieron mejores índices de ajuste después de eliminar los ítems con puntuación inversa, χ²(5) = 9.240, CFI = .998, RMSEA = .045, TLI = .997, y SRMR = .013. La consistencia interna de la escala, examinada mediante el coeficiente omega, resultó ser satisfactorio (ω = .86). Asimismo, el análisis de invarianza de la medición demostró la invarianza de género, lo que indica que la escala funciona de manera equivalente en participantes masculinos y femeninos. Además, se evaluó la validez convergente examinando las correlaciones entre la BPS y el insomnio, medido por la Escala de Insomnio de Atenas (AIS-5), encontrando una correlación moderada (r = .44). En resumen, la traducción al español de la BPS demostró adecuadas propiedades psicométricas en universitarios peruanos y una estructura unifactorial después de la eliminación de los ítems con puntuación inversa.

Se evaluó las propiedades psicométricas del General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) y la de sus versiones ultracortas el GAD-2 y el GAD-Mini en una muestra conformada por 407 estudiantes de dos universidades peruanas (259 mujeres y 148 varones). Inicialmente se realizó el análisis estructural mediante el AFC mostrándose un buen ajuste respecto al modelo unifactorial del instrumento χ²(14) = 31.717, CFI = .995, TLI = .992, RMSEA = .056, SRMR = .026. Adicionalmente se efectuó un análisis de invarianza de la medición encontrándose una estructura unifactorial estable considerando el sexo. Además, se analizaron evidencias de validez convergente en el GAD-7 y sus versiones ultracortas presentando correlaciones moderadas con instrumentos como el PHQ-2 y el AAQ-II. La consistencia interna de los instrumentos fue evaluada mediante el coeficiente omega y obtuvieron valores altos de .89, .80 y .79 en el GAD-7, GAD-2 y GAD-Mini respectivamente. Por ello, se concluye que el GAD-7 es un instrumento unifactorial, invariante de acuerdo con el sexo, presenta adecuada consistencia interna y validez convergente al igual que sus versiones ultracortas en la muestra estudiada.

The aim of the study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), analyzing factor structure and internal consistency. The sample was composed of 549 undergraduate students of a Peruvian public university. Confirmatory factor analysis was used in order to compare models of two, three, four, five and six factors. The best model fit indices were found in the five-factor model proposed by Caballo, Salazar, Arias, Hofmann & Curtis (2019), χ² = 319.43, CFI = .991, RMSEA = .043, TLI = .990, SRMR = .051. Also, the internal consistency of the five factors was analyzed using omega coefficient which ranged from .81 to .62. In conclusion, LSAS presents appropriate psychometric properties and the results support the five-factor structure.

Background: The overall aim of the study was to translate into Spanish and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS). Method: The sample was composed of 622 Peruvian young people and adults who answered CAS. The structural evaluation was conducted with confirmatory factor analysis. Factorial invariance was used to verify the equivalence by sex and age, Results: The unifactorial model revealed good fit indexes χ²(5) = 12.40,CFI = .998, TLI = .996, RMSEA = .049, SRMR = .033. Also, the internal consistency using McDonald´s Omega coefficient was high (ω > .80). The factorial invariance indicated that the unifactorial structure is stable according to age. Conclusion: The Peruvian version of the CAS has evidence to be considered an accurate, valid, and invariant measure and the results support the unifactorial model.