Hélida Ventura Barbosa Gonçalves

Background: The consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with several negative health outcomes. Studies on adolescents have shown that this population has a high consumption of these foods, especially in high-income countries. However, there are no studies on the types of ultra-processed foods consumed. The present study evaluated secondary data from a representative sample of the National School Health Survey, the consumption of ultra-processed foods by 159,245 Brazilian adolescents. Methods: Data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire using a mobile device. A Poisson regression model was used to assess the prevalence of ultra-processed food consumption and its correlation with sociodemographic characteristics. Results: The consumption of ultra-processed foods was significant among Brazilian adolescents, and almost half of the participants reported consumption the day before. We observed that sociodemographic characteristics such as school type, race/skin color, region, municipality type, age, living with mother, living with father, and maternal education level were associated with greater or lesser consumption of ultra-processed foods. Adolescents who study in private schools, are female, white, and live in non-capital cities consume more ultra-processed foods. Conclusions: Access to in natura and minimally processed foods must be on the agenda of governments and encouraged by food and nutrition education to guarantee the right to adequate and healthy food.

Objective To investigate the associations between sociodemographic population conditions and adolescents’ body image Methods This is a cross-sectional study using data from the Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE, National School Health Survey), conducted in 2015. The objective was to analyze the relationship between students’ sociodemographic conditions and body image attending public and private schools in Brazil capitals and the Federal District. For the statistical analysis, we conducted the Poisson regression models, generating adjusted prevalence ratios and their respective 95% CI. In the multiple models, sociodemographic variables were included, which were significantly associated with body image variables (p<0.05) or which altered the prevalence ratios by at least 10%. Results The research involved 10,926 adolescentes The analyses showed that the older the adolescents, the greater their dissatisfaction with their body. As for the school administrative status, students from private schools were more unhappy with their image (Girls: 33% and Boys: 17.6%) and, they tend to have more attitudes to lose weight (Girls: 42.8% and Boys: 28%). The mother’s level of education causes daughters to be more dissatisfied with their bodies (33.3%) and sons showing more attitudes of wanting to lose weight (26.6%). Conclusion Sociodemographic conditions are directly and indirectly associated with the adolescents’ body image. Negative deviations in body image can result in binge eating and social disorders hindering the development of these pubescent children. The consequences of these actions become a risk to health and psychological well-being, strongly supporting the initiative of programs aimed at issues related to body image in the school setting.

Worldwide population has been increasingly exposed to ultra-processed foods, which are associated with obesity. Adolescence is a transition period of life and WHO recommends the surveillance of risk factors to the adolescents’ health, such as diet, because experiences in this phase can result in health risks. To assess the trends in food consumption of adolescents from Brazilian capitals according to sociodemographic variables, based on data from the National Survey of School Health (PeNSE). Data from in 2009, 2012 and 2015 of a total of 173,310 9^th graders enrolled in public and private schools in Brazilian capitals and in the Federal District were assessed. Food consumption was assessed from regular consumption (five or more times a week) of healthy eating markers (beans; vegetables; fruit) and unhealthy eating markers (sweets; soft drinks; fried salty snacks). For sociodemographic variables, we considered macro regions; age; race/ skin color; gender; school administrative status. We assessed these markers trends for the population and, additionally, the analyses were stratified by gender, race/ skin color, and school administrative status. Statistical significance of the temporal trends was assessed by linear regression model. Over six years, three types of change in Brazilian adolescents’ diet were observed: decreasing regular consumption of beans, sweets and soft drinks, increasing regular consumption of vegetables, and stable consumption of fruit and fried salty snacks. Brazilian adolescents’ diet composition has changed in a short period, and therefore it is necessary to monitor it to propose actions aimed at this public.

The aim of this study was to characterize the process of buying Family Farming (FF) food for the Brazilian School Feeding Program (BSFP) and compare the quality of menus served to the schoolchildren before and after the implementation of Law n. 11,947/09. This is an observational cross-sectional study developed with application of semi-structured questionnaire and evaluating menus. Eighty-two cities from São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro in Brazil participated of the study. Of these cities reported, 74.1% performed the purchase of products of FF for BSFP. The lack of interest of farmers and the deficient hygienic and sanitary conditions were the main difficulties reported. The quality of the menus offered to the schoolchildren improved significantly after the implementation of FF purchases. The partnership between FF and BSFP can contribute greatly to the development of healthy eating habits, not only by offering better nutritional quality menus, but also by implementing of nutritional education activities guided by the sustainable production and consumption of food.

Desafios da regulação sanitária para a segurança dos alimentos adquiridos da Agricultura Familiar para o PNAE

Objective: the objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional composition and describe the acceptability of regional culinary dishes served to students from public schools of rural and urban areas. Methods: Ten Brazilian regional dishes were evaluated for acceptability and nutritional composition. the survey was conducted in schools located in rural and urban areas of two cities in the state of São Paulo. Dish acceptability was evaluated using leftover analysis and a 5-point facial hedonic scale. the adherence index was calculated and used as an indirect measure of acceptance, and the nutritional composition was calculated based on the technical files of each dish. Results: A total of 2,384 students from 20 schools participated in the study and 1,174 tasted and evaluated the dishes. the test using the 5-point facial hedonic scale demonstrated that five dishes (Caldo verde soup, persimmon jelly, chicken with okra, puréed cornmeal with spinach, and arugula pizza) had an acceptability rate above 85.0%. the mean adherence indices were 57.3% and 55.6% in urban and rural environments, respectively. Analysis of the nutritional composition of regional dishes indicates that these dishes can partially meet macronutrient recommendations. Conclusion: the tested dishes can become part of school menus as they were accepted or partly accepted by the students regardless of school location, whether rural or urban. the cultural heritage is an important resource for the food sovereignty of a country and should be constantly encouraged.