Hindustan Abdul Ahad

This study evaluates the in vivo pharmacokinetics of triple-drug gastro-retentive formulation (metronidazole- Plantago ovata seed mucilage/ clarithromycin- Abelmoschus esculentus fruit mucilage/enteric-coated pantoprazole) for Helicobacter pylori eradication, with a focus on pharmacokinetic parameters (e.g., relative bioavailability vs. conventional doses) as the true contribution. In a cross over study using six rabbits, plasma concentrations of metronidazole, clarithromycin, and pantoprazole sodium were measured via High Performance Liquid Chromatography technique, and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. A single dose of the optimized formulation (C-8) produced optimal drug levels, with a mean Cmax of 24.36 ± 0.84 μg/mL and tmax at 6 hours. The other pharmacokinetic results were found to be satisfactory. These results suggest that the optimized formula (C-8) offers effective systemic delivery with favorable pharmacokinetics, potentially improving compliance in Helicobacter pylori treatment regimens.

This investigation aimed to make a triple-layer matrix tablet for the oral sustained release of chondroitin (CTN) and diclofenac sodium (DFC) to prolong their therapeutic action. Matrix tablet granules containing CTN and DFC were prepared using wet granulation with Hydroxy propyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K4M and guar gum. A triple-layer tablet structure was fabricated by sequentially compressing three layers: a central layer containing the drug-loaded matrix granules, flanked by two release retardant layers on each side. The retardant layers comprised varying proportions (50-100 mg) of HPMC K4M (X1) and guar gum (X2) as inputs for the responses, cumulative drug release, and swelling index. The physicochemical properties and drug compatibility were evaluated. In-vitro drug dissolution outlines were determined and fitted to numerous mathematical models to elucidate the drug release kinetics and mechanism. The physicochemical evaluations indicated acceptable tablet properties and drug compatibility. Mathematical modeling of the dissolution profiles revealed that the drug release from the matrix tablets was best described by a model indicative of heterogeneous erosion. Formulation F-7, containing 75 mg of HPMC K4M and 39.65 mg of guar gum in the retardant layers, demonstrated the ability to sustain the drug release rate over an extended period. The developed triple-layer matrix tablet system, particularly formulation F-7, offers a promising approach for achieving sustained CTN and DFC oral delivery. The drug release mechanism was known to be predominantly governed by heterogeneous erosion of the matrix. The optimized formulation could enhance patient obedience by reducing the rate of drug administration.

Introduction Mucoadhesive microspheres for drug delivery are retained in the stomach for an extended period for localized drug release and effect. Objectives This research aims to explore the mucoadhesive properties of Azadirachta indica fruit mucilage when incorporated into mucoadhesive microspheres, utilizing Acyclovir as a model drug. Materials and Methods Employing a Box Behnken design, 13 formulations of microspheres were developed, varying Azadirachta indica Mucilage (AIFM) levels, carbomer 934P and stirring speed. Design Expert software was used to assess the impact of these factors on entrapment efficacy and mucoadhesion time. Congeniality studies involved the examination of microspheres for Acyclovir content and discharge. Results Results indicated that Acyclovir entrapment increased with higher AIFM levels and mucoadhesion time was prolonged in formulations with elevated AIFM levels. The optimal stirring speed was determined to be 750 rpm. Conclusion The study concludes that Acyclovir demonstrates effective stomach-specific drug delivery through carbomer 934P, further enhanced by Azadirachta indica fruit mucilage, particularly at a stirring speed of 750 rpm in the formulation of mucoadhesive microspheres.

Aim The research aimed to investigate the enhanced mucoadhesive properties of Azadirachta indica fruit mucilage AIFM when incorporated into mucoadhesive microspheres containing Acyclovir as a representative model drug.Methods Nine formulations of mucoadhesive microspheres were created incorporating Carbopol-934P and different ratios of AIFM. A central composite design was employed using Design-Expert software to assess the influence of independent variables concentrations of polymers on the dependent variable mucoadhesive strength. The microspheres underwent compatibility studies and various physical evaluations including analysis of Acyclovir content and its discharge kinetics.Results The study observed that the mucoadhesion strength of the microspheres increased as the levels of AIFM in the formulations increased. Additionally formulations with lower levels of AIFM exhibited greater drug discharge at the 10th h mark. Conversely higher AIFM concentrations in the formulations acted as retarding agents for drug discharge leading to a slight reduction in the discharged amount of drug.Conclusion This experiment highlights that the mucoadhesive drug delivery system incorporating Acyclovir using Carbopol 934P along with AIFM successfully fulfills the requirement for gastro retention. This approach proves to be an effective strategy for delivering drugs specifically to the stomach.

The presented study focuses on creating and assessing an in situ gastro-retentive gel designed to deliver Vildagliptin accurately to the stomach. The primary objective is to prolong residence time and enhance drug delivery at the targeted site. The synthesis of these gels in situ utilized a cation-controlled gelation method, incorporating various blends and levels of pectin and HPMCK4M. A thorough evaluation encompassed multiple parameters, including visual appearance, pH values, viscosity, in vitro gel formation, in vitro buoyancy, drug content, density, gel force, water absorption, and in vitro drug release. These gels exhibited a total float time exceeding 12 h, with a float delay time of < 2 min. Formulation T-4, characterized by higher levels of pectin and HPMCK4M demonstrated promising cumulative drug discharges of 96.70±3.28%, over 12h. Subsequent in vitro dissolution and stability studies verified consistent active ingredient content, underscoring the stability of the formulations. In summary, the study underscores the efficacy of the developed in situ gels in prolonging gastric residence time, enabling controlled and sustained discharge of Vildagliptin in the stomach, suggesting potential advancements in drug delivery systems.

This comprehensive review offers an in-depth exploration of the multifaceted role of microspheres within the realm of drug delivery systems. Delving into various aspects including fabrication methods, evaluation techniques, and recent advancements, the review provides a thorough understanding of how microspheres contribute to the field. One key highlight is the versatility exhibited by microspheres in ensuring prolonged drug release across different administration routes such as oral, nasal, and buccal. By compiling information on the diverse types of microspheres, the polymers employed in their fabrication, and the methodologies utilized for their preparation, the review offers valuable insights into the factors influencing their efficiency. Furthermore, it discusses parameters for evaluating microsphere performance, shedding light on critical considerations in their development and application. Notably, the review emphasizes the significant impact of microspheres on enhancing solubility, absorption rates, and overall bioavailability of drugs. This attribute proves particularly beneficial in the management of chronic disorders, where sustained release and improved patient compliance are paramount. Overall, this review underscores the pivotal role played by microspheres in advancing drug delivery technology and their potential to revolutionize treatment strategies across diverse medical domains.

Floating tablets are designed to improve the effectiveness and consistency of medication delivery. These specializedoral drug delivery systems are engineered to float on the gastric fluid in the stomach for an extended period, ensuring prolongedgastric retention that leads to a slow and controlled drug release, ultimately enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.Meniere's disease comprises recurrent spontaneous rotatory vertigo spells that patients describe as a spinning or whirling feelingand sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) accompanied by recruitment and tinnitus. This study aimed to create buoyant tabletscontaining Betahistine (BTH) for treating Meniere's disease, designed to float in fluids and discharge the drug gradually. Theapproach involved the utilization of HPMC K4M 100 and Chitosan in combination as agents for swelling. Gas generation wasfacilitated by sodium bicarbonate and citric acid, while lactose was incorporated as a bulking agent. Tablets were fabricated usingthe direct compression technique and subjected to various assessments, including thickness, hardness, weight consistency,friability, BTH content, swelling capacity, buoyancy, and BTH release patterns. Notably, FTIR analyses indicated the absence ofsignificant interactions between the BTH and its constituents. This comprehensive strategy underscores the potential of thesetablets as a reliable and enduring treatment choice for Meniere's disease. Among nine formulations, F5 displayed the least BTHdischarge (73.47±1.27% over 12 h), while F2 demonstrated the highest discharge (85.92±2.36% over 12 h). These findingshighlight formulation F5's potential for controlled BTH discharge, which could be beneficial in managing Meniere's diseasesymptoms. This thorough investigation contributes to optimizing the formulation to treat Meniere's disease with buoyant tabletsincorporating Betahistine efficiently.

Background and Aim: The study’s purpose is to improve the quality of care for both local residents and travelers in the Kurnool district by identifying and addressing gaps and barriers. The main objective of the research was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practical implementation of travel medicine among primary health-care physicians working in the Kurnool district. Materials and Methods: The research utilized a descriptive cross-sectional study design. A total of 397 primary care doctors in the Kurnool area participated. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire, which covered sociodemographic factors, travel medicine knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Results: The study revealed that a significant portion (around 79.5%) of the participants reported providing travel health advice at some point. The primary source of information on travel medicine for most participants (66%) was the Ministry of Health’s travel guides. However, the study identified a knowledge gap, as 11.4% of individuals were unaware of the origin of typhoid infection. The most common health issues reported during posttrip consultations were diarrhea and respiratory infections. Conclusion: The study’s findings suggested that the general practitioners in the Kurnool district had insufficient knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning travel medicine. This underscores the need for additional education and training in travel medicine to improve traveler health care and reduce the risk of preventable diseases.

This study aimed primarily to improve and evaluate the dissolution rate of Carvedilol by employing a solid dispersiontechnique with β-Cyclodextrin as the carrier. Three distinct methods were utilized to create Carvedilol-containing soliddispersions: The Kneading method, Physical mixture, and Solvent evaporation method. These methods incorporated β-Cyclodextrin at varying drug-carrier ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3). The initial phase encompassed pre-formulation assessments, includingthe establishment of a calibration curve, determination of lambda maximum, melting point determination, investigation of solubilityin different solvents, and evaluation of Carvedilol-polymer compatibility through FTIR analysis. Subsequent post-formulationanalyses included tests for weight variation, Carvedilol content, lock length, moisture permeation, disintegration time, in-vitrodissolution, and stability. The results of the pre-formulation tests were consistent with established references. FTIR analysisrevealed no interactions between the Carvedilol and the carrier. Carvedilol content, weight variation, and disintegration time testsmet the permissible limits outlined in IP standards. Both lock length and moisture permeation tests conformed to the criteria.However, due to Carvedilol's limited solubility, dissolution was inadequate. Among the in-vitro dissolution profiles, the "KN3"formulation, prepared using the Kneading method with a 1:3 ratio of Carvedilol to Carrier, employing β-Cyclodextrin as thecarrier, exhibited superior discharge at 94.671%, outperforming other preparation methods.