Bnar Mahmoud Ibrahim

Both Doxycycline hyclate (DOXH) and Florfenicol (FF), which are commonly utilized in veterinary and human medicine, have become known as aquatic pollutants because of their continued persistence in aquatic environments. Purslane biomass was used to create activated carbon (AC) in this study, which was then characterized using FTIR, BET, TGA, SEM, and EDX. The resulting AC showed a pore volume of 0.397 cm ³ /g and a surface area of 226.62 m ² /g. Adsorption capability was thoroughly evaluated in relation to a number of operational parameters, such as contact time, absorbent dose, solution pH, temperature, and initially antibiotics concentration. Equilibrium was established within 60 min for both drugs, with optimal performance observed at pH 6.0 using 0.02 g of adsorbent. Equilibrium data were analyzed using nonlinear isotherm models, where the Langmuir model provided the best fit, indicating monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities (qmax) predicted by the Langmuir model were 92.27 mg g ^{− 1} for DOXH and 91.08 mg g ^{− 1} for FF, representing the theoretical adsorption capacity of the adsorbent and not being dependent on a single initial concentration. The pseudo‐second‐order (PSO) model best captured the process, according to kinetic assessment, suggesting that chemisorption controlled the adsorption mechanism.

A novel adsorbent was developed by modifying lignin with 4,7,13,16,21,24‐hexaoxa‐1,10‐diazabicyclo[8.8.8] hexacosane (Kryptofix 222, abbreviated as LK‐222). The successful synthesis of LK‐222 was confirmed through characterization techniques, including FTIR, FE‐SEM, and EDX, which revealed appropriate functional groups, morphology, and structural features for effective adsorption. The material was then evaluated for its ability to remove lead (Pb(II)) ions from aqueous solutions. Key parameters influencing adsorption efficiencies—such as solution pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial metal ion concentration—were systematically studied. Kinetic analysis indicated that the adsorption followed a pseudo‐second‐order model, while equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of Pb(II) onto LK‐222, as predicted by the Langmuir model, was 454.55 mg/g. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic in the temperature range of 25°C–55°C. Additionally, the adsorbent was effectively regenerated using 0.1 N HCl and reused in successive adsorption cycles with minimal performance loss.

BACKGROUND: The industrialization of the world, and the expansion of urban areas surrounding towns and villages are closely linked to the extensive use of pesticides. Initially, they were widely used to eliminate pests and mitigate their negative effects across various sectors. However, despite their benefits, pesticides are classified among the most hazardous pollutants impacting the environment. Our aim is to simultaneously quantify dinotefuran and acetamiprid in a binary mixture. For this reason, a simple, derivative spectrophotometric method was developed. This method helps to reduce the problem of the overlapping peaks, and facilitates the analysis of single components and mixes containing many components.RESULTS: Acetamiprid and dinotefuran have a clear spectrum in the range of 200–400 nm, the lambda max for acetamiprid and dinotefuran was at 246 and 270 nm, respectively. The relations between acetamiprid and dinotefuran in a binary mixture over the concentration range of (0.5–9.0) μg/mL in constant 6 μg/mL of acetamiprid and dinotefuran amount changes at 1st, 2nd, and 3rd zero‐crossing technique fit at (243 nm), (228, 266.9) nm, and (220, 251 279) nm, respectively. Also, another zero‐crossing technique done over the concentration range of (0.5–10) μg/mL in constant 7 μg/mL of dinotefuran and acetamiprid amount changes, for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd zero‐crossing technique fit at (229, 268.95) nm, (253, 285) nm, and (271, 294) nm, respectively.CONCLUSION: The amount of acetamiprid and dinotefuran in binary synthetic samples was measured using the recommended method, and the recovery rate for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd derivatives was 95–96–97–98–99%. Also, the performance of three DS methods (1st, 2nd, and 3rd) with HPLC was measured for the determination of Acetamiprid and Dinotefuran at varying spiked concentrations. The results show that the DS methods provide measurements closely matching those obtained by HPLC, demonstrating their accuracy and reliability as alternative techniques for pesticide analysis. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

The composite of partially esterified cellulose (PES) and lignin was extracted from walnut shells using a choline chloride/oxalic acid mixture, known as a deep eutectic solvent (DES). This composite was used to remove heavy metal ions from the water‐based mixture. Various physicochemical techniques, including FTIR, FESEM, NMR, BET, and EDX, were utilized to characterize the resulting adsorbent. The adsorption of lead and cadmium ions was modeled using the PSO and Langmuir equations, with the composite adsorbent demonstrating maximum adsorption capacities of 88.49 mg/g for cadmium and 112.36 mg/g for lead. Several factors influencing metal ion adsorption were investigated, including shaking time, temperature, adsorbent dosage, pH, and metal ion concentration. Notably, the absorbent could be regenerated and reused through treatment with 0.1 M hydrochloric acid.

Contaminant removal from sewage is a serious difficulty on the subject of water contamination. Adsorption is a direct and efficient technique for eliminating contaminants that involves the use of solid materials known as adsorbents. Mineral, organic, or biological adsorbent materials can be utilized. At the industrial scale, activated carbon is the favored traditional material. Activated carbon is widely used to remove contaminants from wastewater streams and to absorb them from groundwater, rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, which are all sources of potable water. However, because of its expensive cost, activated carbon is not widely used. Several ways of utilizing non-conventional adsorbents have been investigated over the last three decades to generate cheaper and more effective adsorbents to remove contaminants at trace levels. This article provides an overview of liquid-solid adsorption techniques for pollution removal that use low-cost polymer adsorbents. The paper discusses the fundamentals of adsorption and provides a classification for adsorbent materials as well as numerous low-cost biological macromolecule adsorbents, includes cellulose, starch, chitin, chitosan, lignin, and their heavy metal removal capability.