José Luis López Bastías

Este estudio emana del programa de Empleo Juvenil cofinanciado por la Fundación ONCE y el Fondo Social Europeo. Busca conocer la autoeficacia percibida en competencia digital en estudiantes universitarios con discapacidad intelectual y autismo tras recibir un taller, centrado en alfabetización digital, basado en el Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA). Se emplea un enfoque metodológico cuantitativo con un diseño pretest-postest en un solo grupo experimental. Se sigue un muestro no probabilístico por conveniencia. La muestra incluye todo el universo muestral (N=14) de 18 a 29 años con al menos un 33% de discapacidad reconocida y diagnóstico de discapacidad intelectual o TEA. La autoeficacia en competencia digital es valorada mediante la adaptación al castellano de la herramienta “The Digital Self-Efficacy" antes y después del taller. El análisis de datos incluye estadísticos descriptivos e inferenciales, concretamente, pruebas no paramétricas. Los resultados advierten que el tamaño del efecto es indicativo del impacto positivo de esta práctica. En conclusión, este estudio pone de manifiesto que el abordaje de la competencia digital, a través del DUA, en estudiantes universitarios con discapacidad intelectual y TEA deriva en un impacto positivo que repercute en el ámbito educativo, socioafectivo y prelaboral.

Guaranteeing inclusive, high-quality education for all requires comprehensive changes to the curriculum so that, instead of creating or perpetuating barriers, these barriers are eliminated. Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and Universal Design for Instruction (UDI) emerge as teaching strategies that encourage inclusion in education. This study presents the implementation of both models within the higher education framework, applying them to the Spanish Sign Language and Deaf Communities degree that is studied by a large number of deaf students. For this purpose, a descriptive study is presented with a quantitative methodological approach using a survey as an instrument. Four dimensions were established for designing the curriculum: course materials, teaching strategies, synchronous course management, and asynchronous. After student assessment, the results revealed their high level of satisfaction and the importance these teaching strategies had for their motivation, comprehension, and learning of the relevant competencies. There was also recognition of the importance of blended teaching methods for active learning as a vehicle for increasing student involvement and participation. This study concludes that it is necessary to continue progressing in the practical implementation of teaching models based on Universal Design, which also supports course management.

Although educational breakout has been implemented in pre-university stages, there is little evidence in subjects related to history in postsecondary levels. The aim of this paper was to present the results obtained after implementing an educational breakout, under the premises of Universal Design for Learning, in a history subject that belongs to the university degree in Spanish Sign Language and Deaf Community. A descriptive and comparative ex post facto study (N = 59) was developed to quantify the impact of an educational breakout activity on the students’ commitment, establishing a pre- and post-comparison. Significant differences were found with respect to the perception of the speed of the passage of time and with respect to sustained attention, where there was a statistically significant difference between the time before and the time after the educational breakout. The predisposition of university students to participate in gamified or game-based activities was positive and in subjects such as history, and offers good results, both attitudinal and learning.

La innovación docente desempeña un papel fundamental en la educación universitaria porque, gracias a ella, se preserva la calidad de la enseñanza y se promueven aprendizajes significativos. Durante la Semana de la Innovación Docente de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos se organizó un encuentro para buscar un consenso entre expertos en torno al paradigma de la innovación educativa universitaria. Mediante el uso de la plataforma interactiva Wooclap, se llevó a cabo un debate de tres horas donde los participantes compartieron sus perspectivas e ideas. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar una estrategia de dinamización utilizando herramientas digitales de interacción y presentar los resultados de las reflexiones de los expertos en torno a la innovación docente, buscando proporcionar una base sólida para futuros desarrollos en este campo en constante evolución. De los resultados se infiere, como conclusión principal, que realizar acciones de innovación docente mejora el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en el estudiantado universitario. Borras-Gene, Oriol; López Bastías, José Luis; Ros-Martín, Irene; Alcolea-Díaz, Gema; Cáceres, César; Sánchez, Alberto

Sustainable Development Goals and the targets described in each of them can only be fully achieved with the commitment and involvement of universities. These institutions are the perfect environment to promote and enhance sustainable human development, in such a way that from their own structure and operation they favor the transition towards the building of peaceful, fair, and inclusive societies. To achieve the goals described in SDG4, universities must address three areas in a combined and parallel way: “Institutional Management and Governance”, “Education”, and “Leadership”. Following the development of four quantitative and qualitative studies that address these areas individually, the main common conclusions are presented, aimed at showing the path that the university system must follow to achieve these goals within 10 years. The results reveal the need to the focus on the development of an inclusive university culture based on the foundations of each institution (mission, vision, and values), as well as the need to strengthen the link with the NGO sector. Similarly, this inclusive culture must be transversal in university strategic plans to ensure that all actions developed in this context are aligned with the precepts of the 2030 Agenda.

Agenda 2030 expresses, through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), and in particular through No. 4, the need to ensure an inclusive and equitable education, which promotes learning opportunities for all. At the university level, all students are urged to acquire the necessary theoretical and practical knowledge to promote sustainable development, so that they become graduates capable of facing the challenges of the future and the real demands of a society marked by heterogeneity, including the needs of people with some kind of disability. In this sense, the present work analyzed the impact of a transversal training program in Design for All on university degree students. For this purpose, a descriptive and comparative ex post facto study was developed in which the impact of an online training program was quantified by establishing comparative pre- and post-training. The results indicate that the approach, through the delivery of a training xplain eon Design for All, contributed to a change in the perceptions of students regarding disability, its role in the university and in the future workplace. Furthermore, it increased the knowledge of institutional action undertaken in terms of awareness and approach to human disability.

Las dificultades que tienen los niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) para realizar ejercicio físico y deportivo es una realidad. Esta situación provoca una baja participación en actividades físicas y deportivas con sus iguales. Los problemas que presentan a nivel motor dificultan la participación en actividades físicas grupales, provocando también un descenso en la socialización dentro del propio contexto deportivo (Kruger et al., 2019). Por ello es necesario proponer programas orientados a la práctica física y deportiva que favorezcan la participación en actividades físicas y un aumento de las relaciones sociales (Wong et al., 2015). Con la intención de promocionar el deporte para este colectivo se diseñó un programa de entrenamiento deportivo basado en juegos predeportivos de fútbol. Las sesiones sirvieron para potenciar las habilidades físicas y sociales con el fin de producir una mejora generalizada en ambas y, de esta forma, transferir sus capacidades y aprendizajes a otros contextos deportivos. La finalidad de este tipo de escuelas deportivas debe ser la de promover y fomentar la actividad física y deportiva para el colectivo de personas con TEA, además de preparar a todos los niños para que puedan participar en cualquier tipo de deporte. En ocasiones, la falta de información referente a la discapacidad puede provocar un rechazo hacia las personas con discapacidad por parte de los responsables encargados de dirigir la práctica deportiva, buscando la intención errónea de protegerles (González y Sosa, 2008). Para medir el estado de la cuestión referente al ocio deportivo de los niños con TEA y el nivel de satisfacción alcanzado con el programa de entrenamiento deportivo se administró un cuestionario a las familias de los participantes. Los resultados obtenidos al término de la investigación fueron positivos, lo que permitió justificar el impulso de la actividad física y deportiva como una alternativa de ocio para las personas con TEA.

Universal design for instruction (UDI) is a teaching strategy that has proved its value in the process of educational inclusion, resulting in a fundamental tool for the achievement of objective 4 of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. The lack of time of university professors and the scarce training offered in this subject make it difficult to know and implement UDI in university classrooms, increasing the risk of exclusion of students with some kind of disability. This study analyses the level of knowledge and implementation of the principles and strategies of UDI by university professors. Those professors did not have prior training, but they had access to the Curricular Adaptations of University Students with Special Educational Needs (CAUSSEN) tool as guide to implement different guidelines. The CAUSSEN tool is a document, developed by the Unit of Attention to People with Disability, in which there is information about UDI guidelines and accommodations referring to students with special educational needs. Results show a wide implementation of the UDI principles, despite the low level of previous knowledge its principles. This study concludes that there are practical alternatives to the lack of training, and that teachers’ self-perception of their own effectiveness and ability to cope with the inclusion of all students should be strengthened.

This paper presents an analysis of the use of an interactive digital whiteboard (IDW) and a computer application called Action Manager (AM), with a sample of 158 sixth-grade students in primary education. Subsequently, a study was carried out with the main goal of testing the didactic functioning of AM and examining the validity of this application, in terms of motivation and the retention of both short and long-term memory when teaching foreign languages in primary education. In order to fulfil these objectives, we performed a positivist exploratory study based on a quantitative methodology combining qualitative aspects (qualitative evaluation) and quantitative aspects (questionnaires) as well as a descriptive method with a survey design. The data collection was performed using instruments, specifically the Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic Orientation Scale, to ascertain the motivational impressions of the students and two memory tests, the Test of Memory and Learning (TOMAL) and the Children’s Memory Scale (CMS). Forty-five days later, the two memory tests were repeated to compare the results with the previous ones. After this experience, the results allowed us to conclude that the students demonstrated optimal memorization from a conceptual point of view, in addition to having improved their motivational impressions.

El colectivo de personas con discapacidad intelectual advierte serios obstáculos en el acceso a formación universitaria y en el acceso y mantenimiento de un empleo. Para dar respuesta a esta necesidad, desde la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos se implementó una formación universitaria dirigida a jóvenes entre 18 y 30 años con un grado de discapacidad igual o superior al 33% con diagnóstico de discapacidad intelectual. La finalidad de este estudio es dar respuesta a las necesidades de interacción social y de regulación emocional propias de este perfil a través de la incorporación dos módulos de formación específica en habilidades sociales y de comunicación y en gestión emocional. La participación activa en los módulos prevé una mejora en estas habilidades y, por consiguiente, un desarrollo de la autonomía personal y aumento de las posibilidades de inserción laboral. Para comprobar el impacto de esta formación, se evaluó la adquisición de habilidades a través de una rúbrica en dos momentos temporales diferenciados, antes y después de la formación. El rendimiento en habilidades sociales y emocionales presenta puntuaciones de mejora tras la superación de estos módulos. Atendiendo a los resultados favorables obtenidos en la evaluación, se advierte que la formación planteada es efectiva. Sin embargo, para favorecer que el aprendizaje de estas habilidades se mantenga en el tiempo y se generalice a otros contextos, resulta necesario ampliar esta formación ofreciendo a este colectivo las herramientas necesarias para la promoción de su desarrollo personal, emocional y social, favoreciendo su inclusión laboral y social.