Darcieli Aparecida Cassol

The native fruit trees are of great importance to the Southwest Region of Paraná biome, but little is known about them, especially as the soil fertility in which they are found. Such information is necessary when domestication is intended for orchards usage. The objective of this work was to collect information on the distribution of the native fruit trees in relation to the chemical characteristics of the soil in which they are found, in four municipalities of the Phytophysiognomy Forest and Araucária (DoisVizinhos, Itapejara do Oeste, Verê and São Jorge d'Oeste). The chemical soil characterization for the native fruit trees were applied in the species of jaboticaba tree (Plinia sp.), Surinam cherry tree (Eugenia uniflora L.), sete-capote tree [Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg], cereja-do-mato tree (Eugenia involucrata DC.), guabiroba tree (Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg), guabiju tree (Myrcianthes pungens), feijoa tree [Acca selowiana (O. Berg) Burret], uvaia tree (E. pyriformis Cambess), yellow and red araça trees (Psidium cattleyanum Sabine). The soil was collected in two hundred properties with the presence of at least some native fruit of natural occurrence, in order to obtain information about the chemical soil characteristics with native fruit presence. In general, only where the native fruits are present, they present weakly acid reaction and high organic matter, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium, as high CTC.

The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) presents potential for commercial exploitation as a fruit, ornamental or medicinal plant. However, for its usage in orchards, it is ideal that the seedlings come from vegetative propagation techniques. The aim of this work was to test the usage of indolebutyric acid (IBA) and substrates, at two harvesting times (before and after fruiting) in the cutting propagation of pomegranate. The work was carried out at UTFPR, Campus Dois Vizinhos. The experiments were installed in a randomized block design, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme (IBA concentration x substrate), with four replications and ten cuttings per experimental unit. IAB was tested at concentrations 0; 1000; 2000 and 3000 mg L-1. The used substrates were Red Latosol, medium textured sand, commercial substrate MecPlant® and a mixture of Red Latosol + sand + commercial (1:1:1, v/v). The cuttings were placed in beds in a screened protected environment, with 50% shading. Irrigation was performed three times a day for 30 min., by a micro sprinkler. After 60 days, rooting (%), cuttings with callus (%), number of primary leaf and root shoots, length of the three largest roots and percentage of dead cuttings were evaluated. Cutting presented itself as a potential technique to be adopted for pomegranate, using sand, with the use of IBA at concentrations between 1600 and 1750 mg L-1. Cuttings must be collected before fruiting. However, rhizogenesis close to 50% was achieved at the time after such phenological stage.

One of the management techniques that aim to improve the quality of the fruits is green pruning, which main purpose is to increase the penetration of light in the crown, favoring pigmentation, thus improving the flavor of the fruits. However, it is not always done, since it requires labor. The objective of this work was to evaluate the time and the way of Management green pruning, as well as the practice of thinning associated with it in order to obtain high quality peaches from the ‘Charme’ cultivar. The work was carried out in a commercial orchard in the Dois Vizinhos (PR) municipality, in three productive cycles. A completely randomized design was used, a 3 x 3 bifactorial scheme (green pruning time x green pruning management technique), with 4 replications of two plants per experimental unit. The times of green pruning or bending were in the third, fourth and fifth weeks before harvest. The techniques were first to remove vertical branches facing the center of the canopy and in the base of the tree with reference to broken and poorly ones and, the second the belding of these. The productive capacity and the physicochemical characteristics of the fruits were evaluated in three productive cycles. The quality of the ‘Charme’ peach only presented improvements with the green pruning from the third year of its realization.

One of the aspects that should be considered regarding the fruit market is the quality. Appearance is considered an important factor as the color of the skin. One of the management techniques to improve the peach quality is green pruning. The objective of this study was to determine the season and the technique for green pruning. The study was carried out in a commercial orchard atDois Vizinhos city, Paraná State, Brazil. The experimental design was a completely randomized experimental with four replications and two trees by experimental unit. The techniques were first to remove vertical branches facing the center of the canopy and in the base of the tree with reference to broken and poorly ones and, the second the belding of these. The use of green pruning for Maciel peach tree in five to four weeks before harvesting, improved fruit quality.

Brazil has enormous genetic diversity of wild fruit trees in the world. However, little is known about most of these species. In the Southwest of Paraná this diversity can be found, however, due to the anthropic action in recent years it has been observed the fragmentation of the ecosystem, causing genetic erosion, losing genotypes with potential use as native fruit trees. Thus, conservation of genetic resources is essential as strategies to reduce the damage to the environment and lack of technical information to enhance their use. The objective of this work was to collect information on the location of these fruit trees in eight hundred rural properties. The present work was carried out in rural properties of Dois Vizinhos, Itapejara do Oeste, Verê and São Jorge d'Oeste (PR). The largest number of family farmers who owned on their properties the native fruit trees Surina cherry, jabuticaba tree, uvaia tree, cereja da mata tree, guabiroba tree, guabiju tree, seven capote tree, yellow and red araça tree. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied, which dealt with questions about the presence, management and use of Myrtaceae fruit tree in their properties and the informed consent term. The native fruit trees present in each property were surveyed, as well as farmers age, land area, community distribution, altitude, and other native species found. in order to determine the preference of the species in relation to these attributes. The native fruit trees of the family Myrtaceae are still present in the rural properties of the Southwest of Paraná, but some species are found with a small quantity, making it necessary to preserve them or to use their fruits to obtain the on farm conservation network, maintaining them for sustainable use. The existing jabuticaba tree were all planted, not observing native occurrence.

The objective of this work was to study the physiological behavior of Eugenia candolleana seeds. The work was conducted at the “Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Campus Dois Vizinhos State of Paraná”. Reducing the moisture content of the seeds reduced their viability but it should not be reduced by more than 20% of its initial content. E. candolleana seeds did not present dormancy. The use of sulfuric acid in both photoperiod conditions is not recommended.

The objective of this study was to establish conservation techniques for native fruit seeds. There were used seeds of guabijzeiro, pitangueira, jabuticabeira de cabinho and cerejeira-do-mato, divided into two lots, being applied cassava starch biofilms (6%) and without the use of it. After, the seeds were divided into two lots, one for conservation in bottles of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and other in waxed paper bag and stored for 18 periods up to 360 days until sowing. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, in factorial 2 x 2 x 18 (storage packaging x biofilm x storage time), with 4 replications of one hundred seeds by plot. After 60 days of the beginning of experiment, the germination (%) and emergence speed index (ESI) were evaluated. The PET bottle permitted greater conservation as increased the seed germination. The biofilm can be considered a promising technique to increase germination efficiency of cerejeira-da-mata.

One of the biggest challenges for expansion of jabuticaba fruit tree cultivation is the high cost of seedlings due to to difficulties with vegetative propagation. Here, we aimed to evaluate graft survival in combinations of Plinia cauliflora and rootstocks of other species from the Myrtaceae family. The study was carried out at the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Campus Dois Vizinhos, Paraná State, Brazil. Eugenia uniflora L., E. involucrata DC, and P. cauliflora were used as rootstocks and were obtained as seeds. The 'whip-and- tongue' and cleft grafting techniques were tested for vegetative propagation. Grafted plants were cultivated in a greenhouse. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, in factorial 3×2 (rootstock species× graft type), with four replicates of 10 grafts by plot. Compatibility between rootstock species and scion was evaluated by diameter growth below and above the grafting point and by vegetative budburst and survival percentages. The use of P. cauliflora grafts with the same species was required for propagation. E. involucrata and E. uniflora rootstocks were not capable of propagation with P. cauliflora . Therefore, it is necessary to test other species from the Myrtaceae family.

A alporquia tem-se mostrado o método mais promissor para a propagação assexuada da jabuticabeira. Porém, alguns detalhes da técnica devem ser aprimorados paraaumentar os resultados positivos. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a melhor época, concentração de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) e tipo de embalagem para a propagação da jabuticabeira-Açu [Plinia cauliflora(DC.)KAUSEL] por alporquia. O trabalho foi realizado na UTFPR – Câmpus Dois Vizinhos. Os experimentos foraminstalados em dezembro de 2011 e em abril, junho e setembro de 2012. Foi aplicado na região cambialAIB, nas concentrações de 0; 2.000 e 4.000 mg L-1. Após a aplicação do AIB, a área exposta foi envolvidacom substrato Plantmax® revestido com embalagem plástica transparente, embalagem plástica transparenterevestida por papel-alumínio ou embalagem plástica preta. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocosao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 3 x 3 (época x concentração de AIB x tipo de embalagem), com 4repetições, considerando-se o uso de 5 alporques por parcela. Aos 180 dias após a implantação do experimento, em cada época de sua realização, foram avaliados a percentagem de calos nos ramos alporcados, onúmero e o comprimento médio das 3 maiores raízes (cm) e a percentagem de enraizamento. O enraizamento dejabuticabeiras utilizando a alporquia foi de 20,04% para a época de abril. A embalagem plásticatransparente revestida com papel-alumínio para a cobertura do substrato foi superior às demais, atingindo 8,69% deenraizamento. As concentrações de AIB testadas não influenciaram na rizogênese adventícia dos ramos.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the substrate, cuttings collection time, the position and the cutting depth, and the propagation environment on rooting of 'Purple Valinhos' fig tree cuttings in Southwestern Paraná, Brazil. Two experiments were carried out at UTFPR, Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, with hardwoods cuttings from Roxo de Valinhos fig tree. The first experiment used a randomized block design, in 3 x 3 x 2 factorial (substrate x environment x collection time), with four replications of 10 cuttings per plot. The cuttings were collected in the first fifteen days of July and August. The substrates were sand, soil and the mixture of these [1:1 (v / v)]. The environments used were open sky, tunnel with plastic cover and tunnel with half-shade black net cover. The second experiment used a randomized block design, 2 x 2 x 3 factorial (shoot cutting position x soil cover x shoot cutting depth), with four replications of 12 cuttings per plot. In the factor position, the vertically (0 º inclination) and inclined (45 º inclination) shoot cuttings were evaluated. Soil cover was tested with mulching plastic cover or not. The tested depths were 1/3, 1/2 and 2/3 in relation to the total length of the shoot cutting. In both experiments, the following were analyzed: rooting and mortality indices, number of leaves and primary shoots, length of the three largest roots per cutting. It was conclude that, the protected environment with plastic cover on sand as substrate must recommended for the rooting of fig estaca, collecting them in the first half of July. The inclination position and cutting depth of the estaca and the substrate coverage with plastic mulching did not influence the results.