Song-Yeon Kim

Proteins and peptides play a pivotal role in key pathological processes, including cancer growth, immune evasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Consequently, they are gaining attention as significant biomolecules in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research trends and technological advancements in protein- and peptide-based cancer diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. It covers the clinical application of major diagnostic markers such as PSA, CA125, HER2, and AFP, as well as therapeutic strategies including monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and anticancer peptides. Additionally, it introduces quantitative analysis techniques such as ELISA, mass spectrometry, and CyTOF, as well as advancements in delivery systems based on nanoparticle–peptide complexes. Peptides offer advantages for precision therapy due to their high target specificity and structural modifiability. However, they also have limitations such as stability, enzymatic degradation, and delivery efficiency. Emerging technologies such as synthetic biology, computational design, and omics-integrated analysis are being developed to address these challenges, and rapid advancements in this field are enhancing the potential for clinical application. This review underscores the potential of protein- and peptide-based strategies for precision cancer diagnosis and personalized therapy and proposes future research directions in this field.

A novel bacterium, strain SJAQ100^T, was isolated from a freshwater aquarium and was characterized taxonomically and phylogenetically. Strain SJAQ100^T was a Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium. The strain grew optimally with 0 % NaCl and at 25–37 °C on Reasoner's 2A agar. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain SJAQ100^T clustered with members of Burkholderiales incertae sedis in the order Burkholderiales , but sequence similarities to known species were less than 96.5 %. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SJAQ100^T was 71.2 mol%. Genomic comparisons of strain SJAQ100^T with species in the order Burkholderiales were made using the Genome-to-Genome Distance Calculator, average nucleotide identity and average amino acid identity analyses (values indicated ≤22.1, ≤78.1, and ≤68.1 % respectively). Strain SJAQ100^T contained C_16 : 0 and C_16 : 1  ω7c/C_16 : 1  ω6c as major fatty acids and Q-8 as the major quinone. The major polyamines were putrescine and cadaverine. Strain SJAQ100^T contained phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. Based on the genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic results, strain SJAQ100^T represents a novel genus and species, Aquariibacter albus gen. nov., sp. nov., which belongs to order Burkholderiales and the class Betaproteobacteria . The type strain is SJAQ100^T (=KCTC 72203^T=CGMCC 1.18869^T=MCC 4385^T).

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, and rod-shaped bacterium, strain ETT8^T was isolated from a chemostat culture of microalga Ettlia sp. YC001. Optimal growth was with 0–2% NaCl and at 25–37 °C on R2A medium. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and genome sequence showed that strain ETT8^T belongs to the genus Tabrizicola , with the close neighbours being T. sediminis DRYC-M-16^T (98.1 %), T. alkalilacus DJC^T (97.6 %), T. fusiformis SY72^T (96.9 %), T. piscis K13M18^T (96.8 %), and T. aquatica RCRI19^T (96.5 %). The genomic comparison of strain ETT8^T with type species in the genus Tabrizicola was analysed using the genome-to-genome distance calculator (GGDC), average nucleotide identity (ANI), and average amino acid identity (AAI) (values indicated ≤17.7, ≤75.4 and ≤71.9 %, respectively). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain ETT8^T was 64.4 %, plus C_18 : 1  ω6c and C_18 : 0-iso were the major fatty acids and Q-10 the major respiratory quinone. Strain ETT8^T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine aminolipid, and four unidentified lipids as the major polar lipids. Based on the chemotaxonomic, genotypic, and phenotype results, strain ETT8^T was recognized as a novel species of the genus Tabrizicola for which the name Tabrizicola algicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ETT8^T (=KCTC 72206^T=JCM 31893^T=MCC 4339^T).