Holger Flühr

The predicted growth in air traffic cannot be accommodated by current communication systems due to low data rates and cyber-security concerns. Together with new IP-based datalink options like L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS), the Future Communications Infrastructure (FCI) targets to overcome these issues. While the development and standardization of LDACS is already advancing, a co-existence with older systems like VHF Datalink is still required for a transitional phase. To study the performance of digital aeronautical communication systems from end-to-end, a testbed and simulation framework is proposed that combines several technical domains and provides an interface to test hardware. The concept, structure, elements, and status of the implementation will be presented as the testbed and simulation framework is still under development.

Today’s air traffic management (ATM) system evolves around the air traffic controllers and pilots. This human-centered design made air traffic remarkably safe in the past. However, with the increase in flights and the variety of aircraft using European airspace, it is reaching its limits. It poses significant problems such as congestion, deterioration of flight safety, greater costs, more delays, and higher emissions. Transforming the ATM into the “next generation” requires complex human-integrated systems that provide better abstraction of airspace and create situational awareness, as described in the literature for this problem. This paper makes the following contributions: (a) It outlines the complexity of the problem. (b) It introduces a digital assistance system to detect conflicts in air traffic by systematically analyzing aircraft surveillance data to provide air traffic controllers with better situational awareness. For this purpose, long short-term memory (LSTMs) networks, which are a popular version of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are used to determine whether their temporal dynamic behavior is capable of reliably monitoring air traffic and classifying error patterns. (c) Large-scale, realistic air traffic models with several thousand flights containing air traffic conflicts are used to create a parameterized airspace abstraction to train several variations of LSTM networks. The applied networks are based on a 20–10–1 architecture while using leaky ReLU and sigmoid activation function. For the learning process, the binary cross-entropy loss function and the adaptive moment estimation (ADAM) optimizer are applied with different learning rates and batch sizes over ten epochs. (d) Numerical results and achievements by using LSTM networks to predict various weather events, cyberattacks, emergency situations and human factors are presented.